了解西藏地区儿童常见肾脏疾病的发病情况。

回顾2015年1月1日至2018年12月31日西藏自治区人民医院儿科收治的肾脏疾病患儿，分析其发病情况，并与同期北京大学第一医院儿科肾脏专业病房相同病种进行对比。

西藏自治区人民医院儿科共收治患儿8300例，其中肾脏疾病398例（4.80%），包括过敏性紫癜204例（其中紫癜性肾炎88例）、泌尿系感染44例、原发性肾病综合征41例、血尿和蛋白尿26例、泌尿系结石25例、急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎23例、系统性红斑狼疮18例（其中狼疮性肾炎16例）、IgA肾病12例、孤立性蛋白尿3例、孤立性血尿2例。西藏自治区人民医院儿童以过敏性紫癜（紫癜性肾炎）、泌尿系结石发病率较高，但病种相对较少。

西藏地区儿童肾脏疾病，以过敏性紫癜、紫癜性肾炎最为常见，整体儿科肾脏疾病诊治水平相对较为落后，对于一些疑难、罕见和重症儿童肾脏疾病尚不能进行诊治。

To investigate the incidence of childhood renal diseases in Tibet region.

The children with renal diseases who were hospitalized at Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2018 were studied retrospectively. The cases who were hospitalized at Peking University First Hospital during the same period were included as a control group.

The incidence of renal diseases was 4.8% (398/8300). There were 204 cases of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (including 88 cases with nephritis), 44 cases of urinary tract infection, 41 cases of nephrotic syndrome, 26 cases of haematuria and proteinuria, 25 cases of urinary calculus, 23 cases of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, 18 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (including 16 cases with nephritis), 12 cases of IgA nephropathy, 3 cases of isolated proteinuria, and 2 cases of isolated haematuria. The incidence of Henoch-Schonlein purpura and urinary calculus was much higher in Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital as compared to Peking University First Hospital.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis, and urinary calculus are common renal diseases in Tibet region. Due to the fact that the diagnostic and therapeutic conditions are relatively poor in this region, it is difficult to diagnose and treat some rare and severe renal diseases.