精神分裂症作为一种慢性、致残率高的精神疾病，存在多巴胺假说、失连接假说、神经发育障碍假说、氧化应激假说等多种假说解释其发病机制。神经干细胞具有分裂分化的潜能和修复中枢损伤的作用，在中枢神经系统多个脑区广泛分布。相关研究表明，精神分裂症与胚胎神经干细胞异常和神经发生有关。目前药物治理是精神疾病的主要临床治疗手段，但不可避免地存在多种弊端。根据多巴胺假说，腹侧海马在精神分裂症的治疗中处在关键地位，是各个假说的“共同通路”。借助诱导性多能干细胞建立精神分裂症疾病模型，对疾病发病机制的研究陆续取得进展。神经干细胞在胚胎发育和神经系统发生损伤时的修复过程中发挥着重要作用，将其用于精神分裂症的治疗具有显著优势，这为精神分裂症的治疗提供了新的思路。

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disease with a high disability rate. Several hypotheses, including dopamine hypothesis, disconnection hypothesis, neurodevelopmental disorder hypothesis, and oxidative stress hypothesis, have been proposed to explain its pathogenesis. Neural stem cells have the potential of differentiation and repair of central damage and are widely distributed in multiple brain regions of the central nervous system. Related studies have shown that schizophrenia is related to the abnormality of embryonic neural stem cells and neurogenesis. The early development of the brain is susceptible to interference from multiple genes and environments, and most people with schizophrenia have more psychotic symptoms than those that they had in late adolescence or early adulthood. Antipsychotic medications are the main clinical treatment for mental illness, but they inevitably have some drawbacks. According to the dopamine hypothesis, the ventral hippocampus plays a key role in the treatment of schizophrenia, acting as a "common pathway" for each hypothesis. With the help of induced pluripotent stem cells, the schizophrenia disease model has been established, and the research on its pathogenesis has made progress. Neural stem cells play an important role in embryonic development and repair of the damaged nervous system, and they have a significant advantage over traditional treatment methods in the treatment of schizophrenia, which provides a new idea for the treatment of schizophrenia.