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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (05) : 535 -544. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2023.05.007

临床研究

高原地区肺炎合并右心功能衰竭体征患儿的肺动脉压力和心脏形态与功能的特征
余林阳, 王美英, 李建斌, 楼骁斌, 谢思远, 马志忠, 齐海英, 李稼()   
  1. 510623 广东广州,广州医科大学附属广州市妇女儿童医疗中心临床病理生理研究室
    810000 青海西宁,青海省妇女儿童医院电生理科
    510623 广东广州,广州医科大学附属广州市妇女儿童医疗中心心脏中心
    100020 北京,首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院
    810000 青海西宁,青海省妇女儿童医院心脏内科
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-11 出版日期:2023-05-15
  • 通信作者: 李稼

Characteristics of pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiac morphology and function in children with pneumonia and right heart failure in a high altitude area

Linyang Yu, Meiying Wang, Jianbin Li, Xiaobin Lou, Siyuan Xie, Zhizhong Ma, Haiying Qi, Jia Li()   

  1. Clinical Physiology Laboratory of Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
    Division of Electrophysiology, Women and Children's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China
    Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
    Division of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 10020, China
    Division of Cardiology, Women and Children's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China
  • Received:2022-04-11 Published:2023-05-15
  • Corresponding author: Jia Li
引用本文:

余林阳, 王美英, 李建斌, 楼骁斌, 谢思远, 马志忠, 齐海英, 李稼. 高原地区肺炎合并右心功能衰竭体征患儿的肺动脉压力和心脏形态与功能的特征[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 535-544.

Linyang Yu, Meiying Wang, Jianbin Li, Xiaobin Lou, Siyuan Xie, Zhizhong Ma, Haiying Qi, Jia Li. Characteristics of pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiac morphology and function in children with pneumonia and right heart failure in a high altitude area[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(05): 535-544.

目的

探究高原地区肺炎合并右心功能衰竭体征患儿肺动脉压力和心脏形态功能的特征。

方法

回顾性分析107例于2018年1月至2019年8月间住院的高原肺炎合并临床右心衰竭体征患儿的病案资料,以及另外107例年龄、性别、民族相匹配的高原地区肺炎不合并临床右心衰竭体征患儿的病案资料。收集所有患儿的一般资料及临床资料;超声心动图检查包括肺动脉收缩压(systolic pulmonary artery pressure,SPAP)、右心形态[右室前壁厚度、右室舒张末期内径和右房内径]、左心形态[左室后壁厚度、左室收缩末期内径、左室舒张末期内径和左房内径]、心脏功能[右室舒张功能、左室收缩功能与舒张功能]以及是否合并先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD);同时收集入院时血清心肌酶谱与心肌蛋白的检查结果。

结果

在107例肺炎合并右心衰竭体征的患儿中,30例(28.0%)患儿 的肺动脉收缩压升高,其中轻度升高者19例(17.8%),平均SPAP为(46±4)mmHg;中度升高者6例(5.6%),平均SPAP为(70±6)mmHg;重度升高者5例(4.7%),平均SPAP为110±25 mmHg。合并右心衰体征组较不合并右心衰体征组有显著更高的SPAP(P<0.001)以及更大的右房与右室(P<0.01)。2组患者心功能无显著差异(P>0.05),心肌酶、肌钙蛋白等检查提示正常。肺炎伴右心衰体征组有更多患儿伴有CHD(44.9% vs 31.8%,P=0.028),SPAP与右心大小有显著正相关性(P<0.001),而与左心大小、心肌酶、心肌蛋白无相关性(P>0.05)。

结论

高原地区肺炎合并右心衰竭体征的患儿常伴有不同程度的肺动脉高压、右心扩大及右心室肥厚。尽管有右心衰竭的体征,但超声心动图及心肌酶与肌钙蛋白检查提示无右心和左心功能衰竭及心肌损伤。临床治疗高原肺炎患儿时,应重视中重度肺动脉高压的易发性和严重性,并需仔细检查患儿是否合并先天性心脏病。

Objective

To investigate the characteristics of pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac morphology and function in children with pneumonia and right heart failure in a high altitude area.

Methods

We reviewed the charts of 107 children diagnosed as having pneumonia with right heart failure and 107 age-, gender-, and ethnic-matched pneumonia children without right heart failure in a high altitude area. Demographic data were collected. Echocardiographic assessments included systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), cardiac morphology (including thickness of the right ventricular anterior wall and left ventricular posterior wall, and dimensions of the right atrium, left atrium, end-diastolic right ventricle and left ventricle, and end-systolic left ventricle), cardiac function (including end-systolic left ventricle and right ventricle diastolic function and left ventricle systolic and diastolic function), and the presence of congenital heart disease (CHD) or not. Serum myocardial enzymes were measured at admission.

Results

In patients with right heart failure, SPAP increased in 30 (28.0%) children; the increase was mild in 19 patients (46±4 mmHg), moderate in 6 (70±6 mmHg), and severe in 5 (110±25 mmHg). Their overall SPAP was significantly higher (P<0.001) with larger right cardiac morphology measures (P<0.001~0.003) compared to those without right heart failure. Heart function was not significantly different (P>0.05) and myocardial enzymes were within normal reference ranges. There were more patients with CHD (44.9% vs 31.8%, P=0.028). SPAP positively correlated with the right heart morphology measures, but not with the left heart morphology measures, myocardial enzymes, or troponin (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Children with pneumonia and right heart failure are often associated with varied degrees of pulmonary hypertension, right heart enlargement, and hypertrophy. Despite clinical signs of right heart failure, echocardiography and myocardial enzymes show no right and left dysfunction or myocardial injury. In clinical treatment of these children, attention should be paid to the predisposition to moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension and CHD.

表1 高原地区不同年龄组肺炎合并右心衰体征患儿与肺炎未合并右心衰体征患儿左右心形态和功能比较(
x¯±s
测量指标 年龄 肺炎合并右心衰(n=107) 肺炎不合并右心衰(n=107) P
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg) <6个月 29.5±16.2 18.2±12.9 <0.001
≥6个月,<1岁 30.8±16.6 16.0±5.5
≥1岁,<3岁 44.9±23.7 16.7±9.1
≥3岁,<8岁 54.6±53.3 19.6±7.7
右房内径(mm) <6个月 11.0±2.4 9.7±1.1 <0.001
≥6个月,<1岁 11.8±2.8 10.6±1.1
≥1岁,<3岁 16.1±4.0 11.4±1.5
≥3岁,<8岁 18.2±9.2 13.1±1.5
右室舒张末期内径(mm) <6个月 11.3±2.2 9.4±1.2 <0.001
≥6个月,<1岁 12.4±3.1 10.5±1.3
≥1岁,<3岁 17.8±5.5 11.3±1.6
≥3岁,<8岁 18.3±6.3 13.0±1.3
右室前壁厚度(mm) <6个月 2.7±0.7 2.3±0.3 0.003
≥6个月,<1岁 3.0±1.0 2.6±0.2
≥1岁,<3岁 4.1±1.5 2.7±0.4
≥3岁,<8岁 4.2±1.8 2.9±0.4
E/ATV <6个月 0.84±0.6 0.86±0.4 0.493
≥6个月,<1岁 0.80±0.5 0.87±0.1
≥1岁,<3岁 1.01±0.4 0.98±0.5
≥3岁,<8岁 1.20±0.6 1.22±0.3
左房内径(mm) <6个月 11.5±1.5 10.5±1.4 0.027
≥6个月,<1岁 13.5±2.4 12.6±1.9
≥1岁,<3岁 14.3±2.2 13.1±2.0
≥3岁,<8岁 16.7±1.8 15.9±2.8
左室舒张末期内径(mm) <6个月 20.6±2.2 20.6±2.6 0.771
≥6个月,<1岁 24.7±4.9 24.2±2.6
≥1岁,<3岁 26.8±4.2 25.9±2.5
≥3岁,<8岁 29.9±3.7 31.7±4.4
左室收缩末期内径(mm) <6个月 13.4±1.7 13.2±1.9 0.968
≥6个月,<1岁 15.8±3.7 15.1±1.9
≥1岁,<3岁 16.7±3.8 16.6±1.8
≥3岁,<8岁 19.0±2.3 20.0±2.8
左室后壁厚度(mm) <6个月 3.1±0.4 3.2±0.5 0.607
≥6个月,<1岁 3.6±0.4 3.8±0.3
≥1岁,<3岁 4.0±0.7 4.0±0.7
≥3岁,<8岁 4.4±0.6 4.4±0.5
左室射血分数(%) <6个月 64.4±6.5 68.5±7.5 0.126
≥6个月,<1岁 64.8±4.9 63.4±5.8
≥1岁,<3岁 63.7±9.5 65.0±8.7
≥3岁,<8岁 66.2±5.8 65.9±5.6
左室短轴缩短分数(%) <6个月 34.3±3.9 35.0±3.8 0.207
≥6个月,<1岁 36.0±5.6 35.6±3.1
≥1岁,<3岁 36.0±6.1 36.2±5.7
≥3岁,<8岁 36.4±3.8 36.7±3.1
E/AMV <6个月 1.6±1.5 1.4±0.5 0.452
≥6个月,<1岁 1.4±0.3 1.5±0.4
≥1岁,<3岁 1.4±0.3 1.4±0.2
≥3岁,<8岁 1.7±0.5 1.7±0.3
表2 107例高原肺炎合并右心衰竭体征患儿人口学变量与肺动脉压及心脏形态及功能的多元线性回归分析
因变量 自变量 R2 b值(95%CI) SE值 P
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg) 年龄(月) 0.123 0.467(0.210,0.725) 0.130 <0.001
性别 -0.692(-8.907,7.522) 4.142 0.868
民族 2.311(-3.411,8.034) 2.885 0.425
海拔(m) -0.004(-0.010,0.001) 0.003 0.140
右房内径(mm) 年龄(月) 0.556 0.061(0.024,0.098) 0.019 0.002
性别 0.166(-0.956,1.287) 0.565 0.770
民族 0.339(-0.444,1.123) 0.395 0.392
海拔(m) 0(-0.001,0.001) 0.000 0.826
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg) 0.121(0.094,0.147) 0.014 <0.001
右室舒张末期内径(mm) 年龄(月) 0.429 0.064(0.018,0.110) 0.023 0.007
性别 0.581(-0.809,1.970) 0.701 0.409
民族 0.578(-0.393,1.549) 0.489 0.241
海拔(m) 0.000(-0.001,0.001) 0.000 0.383
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg) 0.109(0.076,0.143) 0.017 <0.001
右室前壁厚度(mm) 年龄(月) 0.343 0.011(-0.003,0.024) 0.007 0.115
性别 -0.064(-0.459,0.331) 0.199 0.748
民族 0.230(-0.046,0.505) 0.139 0.101
海拔(m) 0 0 0.242
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg) 0.026(0.016,0.035) 0.005 <0.001
E/ATV 年龄(月) 0.016 0.003(-0.004,0.010) 0.003 0.398
性别 0.093(-0.112,0.298) 0.103 0.371
民族 -0.030(-0.173,0.113) 0.072 0.680
海拔(m) 0 0 0.936
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg) -0.001(-0.006,0.004) 0.002 0.633
左房内径(mm) 年龄(月) 0.344 0.080(0.054,0.105) 0.013 <0.001
性别 0.388(-1.160,0.385) 0.389 0.322
民族 0.206(-0.256,0.668) 0.233 0.378
海拔(m) 0.000(-0.001,0.001) 0 0.992
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg) 0.006(-0.013,0.025) 0.009 0.546
左室舒张末期内径(mm) 年龄(月) 0.382 0.169(0.121,0.217) 0.024 <0.001
性别 0.195(-1.252,1.643) 0.730 0.790
民族 0.412(-0.454,1.277) 0.436 0.347
海拔(m) 0.001(0,0.002) 0.000 0.225
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg) -0.015(-0.051,0.020) 0.018 0.393
左室收缩末期内径(mm) 年龄(月) 0.296 0.108(0.073,0.144) 0.018 <0.001
性别 0.241(-0.847,1.329) 0.548 0.661
民族 0.317(-0.329,0.963) 0.326 0.333
海拔(m) 0.000(-0.001,0.001) 0 0.675
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg) -0.023(-0.049,0.004) 0.03 0.090
左室后壁厚度(mm) 年龄(月) 0.371 0.019(0.012,0.025) 0.003 <0.001
性别 -0.156(-0.352,0.041) 0.099 0.119
民族 0.117(0,0.235) 0.059 0.050
海拔(m) 0.000(0) 0 0.583
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg) 0.003(-0.002,0.008) 0.002 0.237
左室射血分数(%) 年龄(月) 0.059 -0.037(-0.122,0.049) 0.043 0.398
性别 0.116(-2.468,2.700) 1.302 0.929
民族 -0.092(-1.637,1.452) 0.779 0.906
海拔(m) 0.001(0,0.003) 0.001 0.107
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg) 0.065(0.002,0.128) 0.032 0.085
左室短轴缩短分数(%) 年龄(月) 0.052 -0.003(-0.066,0.060) 0.032 0.919
性别 -1.183(-3.082,0.717) 0.958 0.220
民族 0.328(-0.807,1.464) 0.572 0.568
海拔(m) 0.000(-0.001,0.002) 0.001 0.601
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg) 0.039(-0.007,0.086) 0.023 0.094
E/AMV 年龄(月) 0.062 0.003(-0.012,0.019) 0.008 0.654
性别 0.293(-0.175,0.761) 0.236 0.217
民族 0.120(-0.162,0.401) 0.142 0.402
海拔(m) 0 0 0.485
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg) -0.006(-0.018,0.005) 0.006 0.275
表3 先天性心脏病和非先天性心脏病的肺炎合并右心衰竭体征患儿心脏形态和功能比较
表4 107例高原肺炎合并右心衰竭体征患儿的心肌酶与心肌蛋白检测结果
表5 107例高原肺炎合并右心衰体征患儿心肌酶与心肌蛋白和性别、民族及海拔的多元线性回归分析
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