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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (02) : 95 -101. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2025.02.001

临床研究

老年人结直肠内镜黏膜下剥离术出血的危险因素分析
张晓丽1, 张澍田2,()   
  1. 1. 100028 北京,北京市朝阳区太阳宫社区卫生服务中心胃镜室
    2. 100050 北京,首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院消化内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-14 出版日期:2025-02-15
  • 通信作者: 张澍田

Risk factors for bleeding in elderly patients undergoing colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection

Xiaoli Zhang1, Shutian Zhang2,()   

  1. 1. Gastroscopy room, Taiyanggong Community Health Service Center,Chaoyang District, Beijing 100028, China
    2. Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
  • Received:2025-02-14 Published:2025-02-15
  • Corresponding author: Shutian Zhang
引用本文:

张晓丽, 张澍田. 老年人结直肠内镜黏膜下剥离术出血的危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 95-101.

Xiaoli Zhang, Shutian Zhang. Risk factors for bleeding in elderly patients undergoing colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(02): 95-101.

目的

总结老年人结直肠内镜黏膜下剥离术出血的临床特点,分析导致出血的危险因素。

方法

回顾性总结2017年1月至2020年10月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院所有接受结直肠ESD治疗的老年患者,分析患者病史资料,结直肠病变特点,操作过程及患者预后。

结果

共收集278例研究对象,60~74岁218例(78.4),75~89岁60例(21.6),≥90岁0例,平均年龄(68.62±6.822)岁。病灶直径<2 cm的117例,2~<5 cm的138例,≥5 cm的23例,病灶平均直径(2.323±1.356)cm。腺瘤150例,高级别上皮内瘤变23例,恶性病变65例,神经内分泌瘤18例,良性病变3例,炎症19例。术中出血22例,其中大出血2例;术后出血27例,其中大出血6例。多因素分析发现ESD出血的发生主要与病理类型、病变直径相关。

结论

恶性病变发生出血率高,病灶直径越大出血发生率越高;恶性病变、病灶直径≥2 cm均是ESD出血的独立危险因素。对于病灶直径较大病变、恶性病变行结直肠ESD术,应注意预防出血的发生。

Objective

To summarize the clinical characteristics of bleeding in elderly patients undergoing colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and identify the risk factors associated with bleeding.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on elderly patients who underwent colorectal ESD at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to October 2020. Patient history, characteristics of colorectal lesions, procedural details, and patient outcomes were analyzed.

Results

A total of 278 patients were included in the study. Among them, 218 patients (78.4%) were aged 60-74 years, 60 (21.6%) were aged 75~89 years, and none were aged 90 years or older, with an average age of(68.62±6.822) years. Lesion diameters were <2 cm in 117 cases, 2~<5 cm in 138, and ≥5 cm in 23,with an average lesion diameter of (2.323±1.356) cm. Pathological findings included 150 cases of adenoma,23 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 65 cases of malignant lesions, 18 cases of neuroendocrine tumors, 3 cases of benign lesions, and 19 cases of inflammation. Intraoperative bleeding occurred in 22 cases,including 2 cases of major bleeding, while postoperative bleeding occurred in 27 cases, including 6 cases of major bleeding. Multivariate analysis revealed that the occurrence of ESD bleeding was mainly associated with pathological type and lesion diameter.

Conclusion

The incidence of bleeding is higher in patients with malignant lesions, and the larger the lesion diameter, the higher the incidence of bleeding. Malignant lesions and lesion diameters ≥2 cm are independent risk factors for ESD bleeding. For lesions with a large diameter or malignant lesions undergoing colorectal ESD, attention should be paid to preventing bleeding.

表1 患者一般资料
表2 患者基本临床特征对ESD出血影响的单因素分析结果[例(%)]
表3 患者病变特征对ESD出血影响的单因素分析结果[例(%)]
表4 多因素分析恶性病变、病变直径与ESD出血的关系
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