调查体外冲击波碎石术（SWL）治疗儿童上尿路结石的现况。

面向全国范围内的泌尿外科专业从业者，以网络问卷、非随机抽样形式进行随访调查。调查内容包括受访者的背景资料，儿童上尿路结石的病因、诊断和评估，SWL治疗儿童上尿路结石指征、操作、并发症和处理，以及预后和随访等。

调查时间2024年1~2月，有效问卷224份，超过70%来自华东、华北、华中，三级及以上医院占比75.90%，医师为83.93%，已开展儿童SWL为56.7%。已开展和未开展SWL治疗儿童上尿路结石组相比较，前者在开展SWL年限、治疗成功率、纳入儿童类型、需要代谢评估、术前抗菌药物应用和术后清石率评估时间等方面差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

尽管SWL的临床应用广泛，但SWL治疗儿童上尿路结石相对有限；SWL治疗儿童上尿路结石的病因、评估、适应证、术前准备、并发症处理、预防和随访等存在认识不足及规范化需求，开展高质量研究、制定诊疗规范及提供专业培训将对SWL治疗儿童上尿路结石起到推动作用。

To investigate the current status of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi in children.

This investigation included the background information of the respondents, the etiology, diagnosis, and assessment of upper urinary tract calculi in children, the indications, procedure, complications, and management of SWL treatment for upper urinary tract calculi in children, as well as the prognosis and follow-up.

The survey was conducted from January to February 2024. There were 224 valid questionnaires, of which over 70% came from East China, North China, and Central China. The proportion of tertiary and above hospitals involved was 75.90%, the proportion of physicians involved was 83.93%, and 56.7% of the hospitals had carried out SWL for children. Between hospitals that carried out SWL for children and did not, there were statistically significant differences in years of conducting SWL, success rate of treatment, types of included children, need for metabolic assessment, application of preoperative antibacterial drugs, and evaluation time of postoperative stone clearance rate (P<0.05).

Although SWL is widely used, its use for managing upper urinary tract stones in children is relatively limited. There are insufficient understandings and standardized demands regarding the etiology, assessment, indications, preoperative preparation, complication management, prevention, and follow-up of SWL in the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi in children. Conducting high-quality research, formulating diagnosis and treatment norms, and providing professional training will play a promoting role in the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi in children by SWL.