切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (10) : 725 -732. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2025.10.001

临床研究

糖尿病足溃疡患者营养状况与溃疡愈合预后的关系:一项单中心回顾性研究
崔子豪, 高健, 阳跃, 冯光, 庹晓晔()   
  1. 100144 北京,北京大学首钢医院修复重建外科
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-09 出版日期:2025-10-30
  • 通信作者: 庹晓晔

Relationship between nutritional status and ulcer healing prognosis in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a single-center retrospective study

Zihao Cui, Jian Gao, Yue Yang, Guang Feng, Xiaoye Tuo()   

  1. Department of Reconstructive Surgery, Shougang Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100144, China
  • Received:2025-10-09 Published:2025-10-30
  • Corresponding author: Xiaoye Tuo
引用本文:

崔子豪, 高健, 阳跃, 冯光, 庹晓晔. 糖尿病足溃疡患者营养状况与溃疡愈合预后的关系:一项单中心回顾性研究[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(10): 725-732.

Zihao Cui, Jian Gao, Yue Yang, Guang Feng, Xiaoye Tuo. Relationship between nutritional status and ulcer healing prognosis in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a single-center retrospective study[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(10): 725-732.

目的

糖尿病足溃疡是糖尿病的严重慢性并发症,其愈合过程复杂,受多种因素影响。尽管感染控制和下肢血运受到广泛关注,但营养状况的具体作用及其独立性尚需深入探讨。本研究旨在系统性分析DFU患者的营养状况与溃疡治疗预后的关系。

方法

本研究为单中心回顾性队列研究。连续纳入2023年3月~2025年3月于北京大学首钢医院修复重建外科住院治疗的Wagner 2~4级DFU患者112例。收集患者入院时的营养与代谢血清学指标,包括白蛋白(Alb)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、血红蛋白(Hb)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)等。根据治疗2周后的创面愈合率(以20%为界)将患者分为愈合不良组与愈合良好组。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,在校正年龄、性别、溃疡位置、AOFAS评分、VAS评分、住院时间、白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及踝肱指数(ABI)等混杂因素后,评估各项指标与愈合预后的独立关联。

结果

DFU患者普遍存在营养不良与代谢紊乱,表现为低白蛋白(3.35 g/dl)、低血红蛋白(10.42 g/dl)、低锌(60.15 μg/dl)及高HbA1c(7.85%)。多因素Logistic回归分析证实,高HbA1c(HbA1c>6%;aOR=6.84,95%CI:2.78~16.82)、低白蛋白(白蛋白<4.25 g/dl;aOR=5.92,95%CI:2.42~14.47)和低锌(Zn<101 μg/dl;aOR=4.75,95%CI:1.52~14.83)是创面愈合不良的独立危险因素。基于此建立的“高HbA1c-低白蛋白-低锌”三联征三级分层模型,其高风险组愈合不良风险增加28.4倍。

结论

本研究发现在DFU患者中普遍存在营养不良。“高HbA1c-低白蛋白-低锌”三联征是创面愈合不良的强独立预测因素,其作用不受血运、炎症等关键混杂因素影响。结果表明,在DFU的综合管理中,除控制感染和改善血运外,积极控制血糖并重点关注和纠正营养不良,对于促进创面愈合、改善患者预后至关重要。

Objective

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious chronic complication of diabetes with a complex healing process influenced by multiple factors. While infection control and lower limb blood supply have received considerable attention, the specific and independent role of nutritional status warrants further investigation. This study aimed to systematically analyze the relationship between the nutritional status of DFU patients and ulcer healing prognosis.

Methods

This single-center retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled 112 hospitalized patients with Wagner grade 2~4 DFUs between March 2023 and March 2025. Nutritional and metabolic serological indicators at admission were collected, including albumin (Alb), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), hemoglobin (Hb), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The patients were divided into a poor healing group and a good healing group based on the wound healing rate after 2 weeks of treatment (threshold: 20%). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the independent association of these indicators with healing outcome after adjusting for confounders including age, gender, ulcer location, AOFAS score, VAS score, length of hospital stay, white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and ankle-brachial index (ABI).

Results

Malnutrition and metabolic disorders were common in DFU patients, manifested as hypoalbuminemia (3.35 g/dl), low hemoglobin (10.42 g/dl), low zinc (60.15 μg/dl), and high HbA1c (7.85%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that high HbA1c (>6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=6.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.78~16.82), low albumin (<4.25 g/dl; aOR=5.92, 95%CI: 2.42~14.47), and low zinc (<101 μg/dl; aOR=4.75, 95%CI: 1.52~14.83) were independent risk factors for poor wound healing. A triage risk stratification model based on this "High HbA1c-Low Albumin-Low Zinc" triad showed that the high-risk group had a 28.4-fold increased risk of poor healing.

Conclusion

This study found that malnutrition is common in DFU patients. The "High HbA1c-Low Albumin-Low Zinc" triad is a strong independent predictor of poor wound healing, and its effect is not confounded by key factors such as blood supply and inflammation. The results indicate that in the comprehensive management of DFU, in addition to controlling infection and improving blood supply, active blood glucose control and focused attention on correcting nutritional deficiencies are crucial for promoting wound healing and improving patient prognosis.

表1 患者的基本特征
表2 65岁以下和65岁以上患者的比较(
±s
表3 DFU患者住院时间比较(
±s
表4 营养和微量元素水平高、正常、低的患者数量
表5 糖尿病足患者营养和微量元素平均值与正常值的比较
表6 糖尿病足患者营养和微量元素对创面愈合率的影响
表7 各风险层临床特征与预后对比(n=112)
表8 各风险分层预测效能对比
表9 影响创面愈合不良(愈合率<20%)的多因素Logistic回归分析
1
Armstrong DG, Tan TW, Boulton AJM, et al. Diabetic foot ulcers: a review [J]. JAMA, 2023, 330(1): 62-75.
2
Ertuğrul B, Uçkay I, Schöni M, et al. Management of diabetic foot infections in the light of recent literature and new international guidelines [J]. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 2020, 18(4): 293-305.
3
王萍, 王晶, 章秋, 等.糖尿病足及溃疡的临床特点分析 [J/OL].中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2011,5(9):1674-1785.
4
Singer AJ, Clark RA. Cutaneous wound healing [J]. N Engl J Med, 1999, 341(10): 738-746.
5
Chen P, Vilorio NC, Dhatariya K, et al. Guidelines on interventions to enhance healing of foot ulcers in people with diabetes (IWGDF 2023 update) [J]. Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 2024, 40(3): e3644.
6
Grada A, Phillips TJ. Nutrition and cutaneous wound healing [J]. Clin Dermatol, 2022, 40(2): 103-113.
7
Basiri R, Spicer MT, Ledermann T, et al. Effects of nutrition intervention on blood glucose, body composition, and phase angle in obese and overweight patients with diabetic foot ulcers [J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(17): 3564.
8
Jones MS, Rivera M, Puccinelli CL, et al. Targeted amino acid supplementation in diabetic foot wounds: pilot data and a review of the literature [J]. Surg Infect (Larchmt), 2014, 15(6): 708-712.
9
何睿, 齐心, 温冰, 等.糖尿病足坏死性软组织感染的危险因素评估 [J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版),2021,15(2):1674-1785.
10
Ferdousi M, Kalteniece A, Azmi S, et al. Diagnosis of neuropathy and risk factors for corneal nerve loss in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a corneal confocal microscopy study [J]. Diabetes Care, 2021, 44(1): 150-156.
11
Valk GD, Kriegsman DM, Assendelft WJ. Patient education for preventing diabetic foot ulceration [J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (1): CD001488.
12
Gezawa ID, Ugwu ET, Ezeani I, et al. Anemia in patients with diabetic foot ulcer and its impact on disease outcome among Nigerians: results from the Medfun study [J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(12): e0226226.
13
Shareef AM, Ahmedani MY, Waris N. Strong association of anemia in people with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs): study from a specialist foot care center [J]. Pak J Med Sci, 2019, 35(5): 1216-1220.
14
Lee SH, Kim SH, Kim KB, et al. Factors influencing wound healing in diabetic foot patients [J]. Medicina (Kaunas), 2024, 60(5): 723.
15
Zhu D, Wei W, Zhang J, et al. Mechanism of damage of HIF-1 signaling in chronic diabetic foot ulcers and its related therapeutic perspectives [J]. Heliyon, 2024, 10(3): e24656.
16
Albiero M, Fadini GP. Pharmacologic targeting of the diabetic stem cell mobilopathy [J]. Pharmacol Res, 2018, 135: 18-24.
17
Li B, Ming Z, Wang Y, et al. Supplement-driven iron overload accelerates phenotypic aging via inflammatory biomarkers: potential counteraction through anti-inflammatory or antioxidant diets [J]. Redox Biol, 2025, 85: 103733.
18
Razzaghi R, Pidar F, Momen-Heravi M, et al. Magnesium supplementation and the effects on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [J]. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2018, 181(2): 207-215.
19
Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F. Low serum magnesium levels and foot ulcers in subjects with type 2 diabetes [J]. Arch Med Res, 2001, 32(4): 300-303.
20
Momen-Heravi M, Barahimi E, Razzaghi R, et al. The effects of zinc supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [J]. Wound Repair Regen, 2017, 25(3): 512-520.
21
Yadav C, Srikantiah RM, Manjrekar P, et al. Assessment of mineral pathophysiology in patients with diabetic foot ulcer [J/OL]. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2020, 195(2): 366-372.
22
Chen L, Ma W, Chen D, et al. Association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers [J]. Chin Med J (Engl), 2022, 135(1): 110-112.
23
Cheng P, Dong Y, Hu Z, et al. Biomarker prediction of postoperative healing of diabetic foot ulcers: a retrospective observational study of serum albumin [J]. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs, 2021, 48(4): 339-344.
[1] 廖睿, 查天建, 刘小龙. RNA结合蛋白在糖尿病足溃疡中作用的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2026, 21(01): 75-79.
[2] 陈强, 曹胜军, 李全, 赵翠娟. 益生菌在烧伤创面愈合中作用机制的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2026, 21(01): 63-68.
[3] 石楠楠, 杨蒙, 张庆富. 颈部深Ⅱ度烧伤非手术治疗患者创面愈合的影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2026, 21(01): 28-33.
[4] 高仪轩, 张筱伟, 李宝龙, 胡文治, 郝永红, 邹晓防. 对全厚微粒皮移植治疗自身免疫病相关性溃疡的临床疗效分析[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2025, 20(04): 290-295.
[5] 刘江涛, 潘锦燊, 王一勇, 林奕锋, 黄书润. 采用带蒂穿支皮瓣修复手部及足踝部深部组织外露创面的临床疗效[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2025, 20(03): 212-219.
[6] 靳顺欣, 庞嘉越成, 肖仕初. 基于上皮嵴微结构的移植物在促进创面愈合中的作用机制与临床应用进展[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2025, 20(02): 174-178.
[7] 周彦彤, 王成. 不同新型敷料在创面中应用的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2025, 20(02): 163-168.
[8] 李亚龙, 王星童, 申传安. 异体富血小板血浆在创面修复中的临床应用进展[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2024, 19(06): 541-545.
[9] 王丽娜, 吕远, 孙亮, 袁强, 聂玉辉, 刘博. 蛋黄油联合肛肠科愈创外洗方促进痔术后康复的临床观察[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(04): 457-460.
[10] 白浪, 张雪玉, 白铁成, 贺爱军. 腹腔镜近端胃切除术中圆锥形重叠吻合成形术对Siewert Ⅱ型AEG患者胃食管反流、营养状态的影响研究[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 679-682.
[11] 王东, 莫才周, 古子文, 赵雅丽, 郭娇贤, 金朝红, 陆漫, 马国祥. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者血清电解质及营养状况与预后的相关性分析[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2025, 18(05): 824-827.
[12] 黄远健, 季东健, 封益飞, 孙跃明. 机器人与腹腔镜直肠系膜切除术治疗直肠癌短期结局比较[J/OL]. 中华腔镜外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 17(06): 329-334.
[13] 梁瑶瑶, 邬绿莹, 陈津. 负载干细胞外泌体水凝胶治疗糖尿病足溃疡的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(02): 112-119.
[14] 周厚宁, 崔巧玲, 付瑞标. 营养风险指数、营养控制状态评分和尿素肌酐比值对胃癌患者营养和预后的评价[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(05): 444-448.
[15] 石珊, 徐志刚, 魏双, 官浩, 石继红. 创面病原体在创面愈合与瘢痕形成中的作用进展[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(10): 955-960.
阅读次数
全文


摘要


AI


AI小编
你好!我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编,有什么可以帮您的吗?