儿童青少年时期是心理发展的关键阶段，其心理健康状况对个体终身健康与社会发展具有深远影响。近年来，我国儿童青少年精神障碍患病率持续攀升，但服务利用率显著偏低，呈现出突出的“高需求、低利用”矛盾。当前服务体系建设面临多重挑战：公众精神卫生知识普遍匮乏，家长识别能力尤为不足；城乡服务可及性差距显著，农村地区资源严重短缺；病耻感明显阻碍求助行为；专业人才数量不足且能力亟待提升，儿童精神科医师不足。未来发展方向建议从以下四个方面推进：首先，建立涵盖预防、筛查、干预与康复的多层次服务网络，强化家校社协同机制；其次，加强专业人才队伍建设并开展文化胜任力培训；再次，推动服务模式从治疗为主转向预防优先，注重早期识别与健康促进；最后，充分利用科技手段，发展数字心理健康服务，提升服务的可及性与精准度。唯有通过系统性政策支持、跨部门资源整合与社会观念革新，才能构建以儿童青少年为中心、可及、有效且友好的精神卫生服务体系，为人口高质量发展提供支撑。

The period of childhood and adolescence represents a critical stage for psychological development, with mental health during formative years exerting a profound impact on an individual's lifelong health and social development. In recent years, the prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents in China has continued to rise; however, the utilization rate of mental health services remains significantly low, highlighting a prominent contradiction of high demand and low uptake. The current service system faces multiple challenges: widespread lack of public mental health knowledge, particularly among parents; significant disparities in service accessibility between urban and rural areas, with severe resource shortages in rural regions; stigma that hinders help-seeking behavior; and an insufficient number of professionals, coupled with an urgent need for capacity enhancement, particularly a severe shortage of child psychiatrists. Moving forward, development should focus on four key areas: (1) establishing a multi-tiered service network that encompasses prevention, screening, intervention, and rehabilitation, while strengthening collaborative mechanisms among families, schools, and communities; (2) enhancing the construction of professional talent teams and conducting cultural competence training; (3) shifting the service model from a treatment-focused approach to a prevention-prioritized one, emphasizing early identification and health promotion; and (4) fully leveraging technological means to develop digital mental health services, thereby improving accessibility and precision of services. Only through systematic policy support, cross-departmental resource integration, and innovative social concepts can we build a child- and adolescent-centered, accessible, effective, and friendly mental health service system that supports high-quality population development.