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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (01) : 19 -27. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2026.01.004

临床研究

血糖水平与冠状动脉钙化及轻度认知障碍的相关性研究
温欢1, 苏博2, 刘金波1, 王宏宇1,()   
  1. 1 100144 北京,北京大学首钢医院血管医学中心
    2 100191 北京,北京大学第一医院临床药理研究所
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-30 出版日期:2026-01-30
  • 通信作者: 王宏宇
  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项(2020-2-6042)

Association between blood glucose levels and risk of coronary artery calcification or mild cognitive impairment

Huan Wen1, Bo Su2, Jinbo Liu1, Hongyu Wang1,()   

  1. 1 Vascular Medicine Center, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
    2 Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2025-12-30 Published:2026-01-30
  • Corresponding author: Hongyu Wang
引用本文:

温欢, 苏博, 刘金波, 王宏宇. 血糖水平与冠状动脉钙化及轻度认知障碍的相关性研究[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(01): 19-27.

Huan Wen, Bo Su, Jinbo Liu, Hongyu Wang. Association between blood glucose levels and risk of coronary artery calcification or mild cognitive impairment[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(01): 19-27.

目的

评估空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平对40~80岁中老年人群冠状动脉钙化及轻度认知障碍的影响。

方法

于2019年10月至11月,在我国北京市石景山区西山社区招募40~80岁中老年人开展横断面调查,收集研究对象的空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白检测值,利用计算机断层扫描进行冠状动脉钙化评估,采用中文版蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA-B)评估认知功能,使用多因素Logistic回归模型探究空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白对冠状动脉钙化及轻度认知障碍的影响,并使用限制性立方样条曲线可视化变量之间的趋势。最后,采用亚组分析和敏感性分析评估结果的稳健性。

结果

1342名研究对象年龄为(59.9±7.1)岁;男性492名(36.7%);其中609名(45.4%)研究对象存在冠状动脉钙化;201名(15.0%)研究对象存在轻度认知障碍。多因素Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,调整混杂因素后,空腹血糖每增加1 mmol/L,冠状动脉钙化风险增加12%(OR=1.12,95%CI:1.03~1.23),轻度认知障碍风险升高13%(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.03~1.24);而糖化血红蛋白每增加1%,冠状动脉钙化风险增加29%(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.07~1.55),轻度认知障碍风险升高不显著。但血糖水平与冠状动脉钙化及轻度认知障碍的关联在女性、非肥胖人群中更显著。在非糖尿病人群中,血糖水平对冠状动脉钙化及轻度认知障碍的影响可能受其他混杂因素干扰。

结论

血糖水平升高与中老年人冠状动脉钙化和认知功能下降存在关联,但在非糖尿病人群中该关联不显著。

Objective

To evaluate the effects of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels on coronary artery calcification (CAC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in middle-aged and elderly populations (aged 40~80 years).

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October to November 2019 in Xishan Community, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, recruiting middle-aged and elderly individuals aged 40–80 years. FBG and HbA1C values were collected. CAC was assessed via computed tomography (CT), and cognitive function was evaluated using the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-B). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the effects of FBG and HbA1C on CAC and MCI, and restricted cubic spline curves were employed to visualize the trend of associations between variables. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were finally conducted to assess the robustness of the results.

Results

A total of 1342 participants were enrolled, with a mean age of (59.9±7.1) years, including 492 males (36.7%). Among them, 609 participants (45.4%) had CAC, and 201 (15.0%) had MCI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounders, each 1 mmol/L increase in FBG was associated with a 12% higher risk of CAC (odds ratio [OR]=1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03~1.23) and 13% higher risk of MCI (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.03~1.24). Each 1% increase in HbA1C was associated with a 29% higher risk of CAC (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.07~1.55), while the increase in the risk of MCI was not significant. The associations between blood glucose levels and CAC/MCI were more significant in females and non-obese populations. In non-diabetic individuals, the effects of blood glucose levels on CAC and MCI might be confounded by other factors.

Conclusion

Elevated blood glucose levels are associated with CAC and cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly populations, but this association is not significant in non-diabetic individuals.

表1 根据冠状动脉钙化严重程度分组的基线资料比较
变量 总计(n=1342) 无CAC AS=0(n=733) 轻中度CAC AS>0~100(n=332) 较严重CAC AS>100~400(n=154) 严重CAC AS>400(n=123) 组间差异比较P
年龄(岁,
±s
59.9±7.1 57.9±6.8 61.2±6.5 62.7±7.0 64.8±6.5 <0.001
性别[例(%)] <0.001
男性 492(36.7) 179(24.4) 144(43.4) 89(57.8) 80(65.0)
女性 850(63.3) 554(75.6) 188(56.6) 65(42.2) 43(35.0)
BMI(kg/m2
±s
25.9±3.4 25.6±3.4 26.1±3.2 26.5±3.4 26.6±3.3 <0.001
收缩压(mmHg,
±s
132.4±16.9 129.4±16.6 135.0±16.5 137.6±16.6 136.6±16.6 <0.001
教育程度[例(%)] <0.001
≤6年 82(6.1) 30(4.1) 19(5.7) 15(9.7) 18(14.6)
7~9年 457(34.1) 226(30.8) 132(39.8) 57(37.0) 42(34.1)
10~12年 570(42.5) 329(44.9) 134(40.4) 60(39.0) 47(38.2)
≥13年 233(17.4) 148(20.2) 47(14.2) 22(14.3) 16(13.0)
当前吸烟[例(%)] <0.001
1054(78.5) 617(84.2) 258(77.7) 102(66.2) 77(62.6)
288(21.5) 116(15.8) 74(22.3) 52(33.8) 46(37.4)
当前饮酒[例(%)] <0.001
1054(78.5) 616(84.0) 249(75.0) 106(68.8) 83(67.5)
288(21.5) 117(16.0) 83(25.0) 48(31.2) 40(32.5)
高血压[例(%)] <0.001
575(42.8) 374(51.0) 126(38.0) 48(31.2) 27(22.0)
767(57.2) 359(49.0) 206(62.0) 106(68.8) 96(78.0)
糖尿病[例(%)] <0.001
973(72.5) 582(79.4) 228(68.7) 97(63.0) 66(53.7)
369(27.5) 151(20.6) 104(31.3) 57(37.0) 57(46.3)
服药状况[例(%)] <0.001
1030(76.8) 609(83.1) 238(71.7) 97(63.0) 86(69.9)
312(23.2) 124(16.9) 94(28.3) 57(37.0) 37(30.1)
TC(mmol/L,
±s
4.9±0.9 5.0±0.9 5.0±1.0 4.8±0.9 4.5±1.0 <0.001
HDL-C(mmol/L,
±s
1.4±0.3 1.4±0.3 1.4±0.3 1.4±0.4 1.3±0.3 <0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L,
±s
3.1±0.9 3.2±0.8 3.2±0.9 3.0±0.9 2.8±0.9 <0.001
空腹血糖(mmol/L,
±s
6.4±1.9 6.1±1.6 6.6±1.9 6.7±1.9 7.2±2.6 <0.001
糖化血红蛋白(%) 6.2±0.9 6.0±0.8 6.3±1.0 6.4±1.0 6.6±1.2 <0.001
轻度认知障碍[例(%)] <0.001
1141(85.0) 645(88.0) 284(85.5) 116(75.3) 96(78.0)
201(15.0) 88(12.0) 48(14.5) 38(24.7) 27(22.0)
表2 空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白与冠状动脉钙化以及轻度认知障碍的关联[OR(95%CI)]
图1 空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白与冠状动脉钙化以及轻度认知障碍的剂量-反应关系曲线 注:CAC为冠状动脉钙化;MCI为轻度认知障碍;Fasting Glucose为空腹血糖;HbA1C为糖化血红蛋白;non-linearity为非线性
表3 空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白与冠状动脉钙化严重程度的关联[OR(95%CI)]
图2 不同亚组中空腹血糖与冠状动脉钙化以及轻度认知障碍的关联
表4 敏感性分析(空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白与冠状动脉钙化以及轻度认知障碍的关联)
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