Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is primarily characterized by impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive behavioral patterns. In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the significance of autobiographical memory (AM) in the development of children's self-awareness and social skills. This review comprehensively summarizes the atypical manifestations of AM observed in children with ASD, specifically highlighting their difficulty in retrieving detailed event information, limited capacity for emotional expression, and tendency to produce fragmented personal narratives. These memory deficits may hinder the establishment of a coherent self-concept and negatively affect social capabilities, including sharing personal experiences and understanding others' perspectives. At the cognitive level, these memory impairments have been linked to deficits in executive functions, language abilities, and emotional regulation. From a neurobiological perspective, dysfunction within the default mode network (DMN) may disrupt effective processing and integration of self-related information. Furthermore, this review discusses potential interventions, such as parent-guided elaborative reminiscing and narrative-based training programs tailored specifically for children with ASD, aimed at enhancing their autobiographical memory skills and subsequently improving self-awareness and social competence. Clarifying the connection between AM impairments and core ASD symptoms can guide more precise clinical and educational interventions, ultimately facilitating comprehensive cognitive, emotional, and social development in affected children.