评价帕拉米韦治疗儿童甲型流感的临床疗效及安全性。

将2016年6月至2017年1月北京儿童医院收治的确诊甲型流感患儿，采用帕拉米韦氯化钠注射液治疗。观察治疗后症状缓解时间、发热缓解时间及不良反应。

共有150例患儿纳入研究，其中男性79例（52.7%），女性71例（47.3%），平均年龄（3.9±3.0）岁。中位症状缓解时间（95% CI）是27.9 h（20.6~30.8 h），中位发热缓解时间（95% CI）是17.8 h（16.1~19.5 h）。不同年龄组间中位症状缓解时间和中位发热缓解时间的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。133例患儿（88.7%）治疗持续时间为1 d，17例患儿（11.3%）治疗持续时间为2 d，没有治疗持续时间3 d或以上患儿。没有并发症发生。不良反应发生率4.0%，全部是胃肠道反应，不良反应多发生在年龄小的儿童，不良反应均出现在治疗开始后的3 d之内，未经干预迅速缓解消退，不良反应发生率没有随剂量次数的增加而增加。

帕拉米韦治疗儿童甲型流感病毒感染有效，安全性及耐受性良好，与国内外文献报道的疗效和安全性一致。

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of peramivir in the treatment of influenza A virus infection in children.

All children with influenza A treated with peramivir in Beijing children’s hospital from June 2016 to January 2017 were enrolled into the study. Trend tests were performed for the time to alleviation of influenza symptoms and the time to resolution of fever.

A total of 150 patients were included in the study. Among them, 79 were males and 71 were females, with an average age of 3.9±3.0 years. The time to alleviation of influenza symptoms (95% CI) was 27.9 hours (20.6 to 30.8 hours), and the time to resolution of fever (95% CI) was 17. 8 hours (16.1 to 19.5 hours). The duration of treatment was 1 day in 133 patients (88.7%) and 2 days in 17 patients (11.3%). None of the patients was treated for 3 days or more. Adverse reactions was 4.0% in total, and a higher incidence was observed among younger children. All adverse events occurred within 3 days after the start of treatment and resolved rapidly. The incidence of adverse events did not differ among patients treated with different cycles .

We demonstrated here that the injection of peramivir in children with influenza A virus infection was efficient and safe, which was consistent with foreign reports.