通过建立大鼠全甲状腺切除模型，探讨建立模型的方法及手术操作技巧。

采用压迫止血法（模型Ⅰ组）和结扎法止血法（模型Ⅱ组）对Wistar大鼠行全甲状腺切除术；假手术组大鼠切开颈部，显露甲状腺，未行任何处理，缝合关闭。统计各组完成10只动物模型所用大鼠数量并总结手术失败原因。对于手术成功大鼠，进行甲状腺断层颈部组织HE染色观察组织病理学结果，同时检测血清甲状腺激素水平：T3、T4、促甲状腺激素（TSH）。

假手术组、模型Ⅰ组、模型Ⅱ组完成10只动物模型分别使用10、15、11只大鼠。模型成功大鼠甲状腺断层颈部组织HE染色未见到残留甲状腺组织。术后30 d，与假手术组大鼠比较，模型Ⅱ组大鼠血清T3、T4明显降低，差异具有统计学意义［（0.83±0.06）ng/ml vs （0.58±0.06）ng/ml；（6.15±0.74）μg/ ml vs （1.56±0.11）μg/ ml，P<0.05）］；TSH明显升高，差异具有统计学意义［（1.11±0.13）μIU/ml vs （20.29±3.50）μIU/ml，P<0.05）］。

结扎止血法甲状腺切除可以成功建立大鼠全甲状腺切除动物模型，该方法手术操作安全、可靠，并且稳定性较好。

To establish a rat model of total thyroidectomy, and to explore the methods of establishing the model and the surgical techniques.

Wistar rats underwent total thyroidectomy with compression hemostasis (model group 1) or ligation hemostasis (model group 2). In rats receiving a sham operation, the neck was cut open to expose the thyroid gland without any treatment, sutured and closed. The number of rats required to obtain 10 successful models was calculated and the causes of failure were summarized. For the rats with successful operation, neck tissue sections at the thyroid level were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe the histopathological results, and serum T3, T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured.

To obtain 10 successful models, 10 rats were used in the sham operation group, 15 used in model group 1 and 11 in model group 2. Neck tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin in the successful rat model showed no residual thyroid tissue. Thirty days after operation, compared with sham-operated rats, serum T3 and T4 significantly decreased [T3: (0.83±0.06) ng/mL vs (0.58±0.06) ng/mL; T4: (6.15±0.74) μg/mL vs (1.56±0.11) μg/mL, P<0.05)] while TSH significantly increased in model group 2 [(1.11±0.13) μIU/mL vs (20.29±3.50) μIU/mL, P<0.05].

Thyroidectomy with ligation hemostasis can be used to successfully establish a rat model of total thyroidectomy, and this method is safe, reliable and stable.