ICF-CY框架下先天性肌性斜颈的评估与综合治疗

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2019.01.015

先天性肌性斜颈（CMT）是因一侧胸锁乳突肌短缩引起头向患侧歪，面部向对侧旋转的疾病。对于1岁以下患儿往往通过手法牵伸、包块按摩等物理治疗手段进行干预，常通过目测或角度测量进行评估，尚无统一的评估及物理治疗标准。《国际功能、残疾和健康分类（儿童和青少年版）》（ICF-CY）为目前国际通用的记录和描述儿童和青少年功能、残疾和健康状况的工具，强调疾病或健康的状态是由身体结构与功能、活动、参与以及环境因素综合作用所决定，对于疾病需要整体分析、综合干预。为更好理解CMT，本文按照ICF-CY的框架对CMT评估及物理治疗做一综述。

关键词: 先天性肌性斜颈, 国际功能、残疾和健康分类（儿童和青少年版）, 评估, 治疗

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is typically characterized by lateral ?exion of the head to one side and cervical rotation to the opposite side due to unilateral shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Infants with CMT under the age of 1 year old are frequently treated with physical therapy, such as manual stretching and mass massage, and are evaluated by visual or angular measurement. However, there are no consensus on the techniques to perform the physical therapy examination and intervention. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY) is an international tool for recording and describing the functions, disability, and health status of children and adolescents, emphasizing that the condition of the disease or health is determined by the combination of body structure and function, activity, participation, and environmental factors, and the treatment of this disease requires overall analysis and integrated intervention. This article applies the ICF-CY framework to review the physical therapy examination and intervention of CMT.

Key words: Congenital muscular torticollis, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version, Physical therapy examination, Therapy

表1 肌肉功能检查量表

得分	头与躯干的关系	头与躯干水平线的夹角
0	头在躯干水平线以下	＜0°（头在躯干水平线以下）
1	头与躯干水平线重叠	0°（头与躯干水平线重叠）
2	头略高于躯干水平线	0~15°（头在躯干水平线以上）
3	头明显高于躯干水平线，＜45°	15°~45°（头在躯干水平线以上）
4	头明显高于躯干水平线，＞45°	45°~75°（头在躯干水平线以上）
5	头接近垂直位	＞75°（头在躯干水平线以上）

表1 肌肉功能检查量表

得分	头与躯干的关系	头与躯干水平线的夹角
0	头在躯干水平线以下	＜0°（头在躯干水平线以下）
1	头与躯干水平线重叠	0°（头与躯干水平线重叠）
2	头略高于躯干水平线	0~15°（头在躯干水平线以上）
3	头明显高于躯干水平线，＜45°	15°~45°（头在躯干水平线以上）
4	头明显高于躯干水平线，＞45°	45°~75°（头在躯干水平线以上）
5	头接近垂直位	＞75°（头在躯干水平线以上）

表2 2013美国儿童物理治疗协会CMT CPG中CMT分级

分级	就诊年龄	临床表现
1级	0~6个月	姿势性斜颈；或患侧胸锁乳突肌紧张、双侧颈部旋转角度差＜15°
2级	0~6个月	患侧胸锁乳突肌紧张、双侧颈部旋转角度差15°~30°
3级	0~6个月	患侧胸锁乳突肌紧张、双侧颈部旋转角度差＞30°；或胸锁乳突肌存在包块
4级	7~9个月	姿势性斜颈；或患侧胸锁乳突肌紧张、双侧颈部旋转角度差＜15°
5级	10~12个月	姿势性斜颈；或患侧胸锁乳突肌紧张、双侧颈部旋转角度差＜15°
6级	7~12个月	患侧胸锁乳突肌紧张、双侧颈部旋转角度差＞15°
7级	＞7个月	存在胸锁乳突肌包块；或年龄＞12个月、双侧颈部旋转角度差＞30°

表2 2013美国儿童物理治疗协会CMT CPG中CMT分级

分级	就诊年龄	临床表现
1级	0~6个月	姿势性斜颈；或患侧胸锁乳突肌紧张、双侧颈部旋转角度差＜15°
2级	0~6个月	患侧胸锁乳突肌紧张、双侧颈部旋转角度差15°~30°
3级	0~6个月	患侧胸锁乳突肌紧张、双侧颈部旋转角度差＞30°；或胸锁乳突肌存在包块
4级	7~9个月	姿势性斜颈；或患侧胸锁乳突肌紧张、双侧颈部旋转角度差＜15°
5级	10~12个月	姿势性斜颈；或患侧胸锁乳突肌紧张、双侧颈部旋转角度差＜15°
6级	7~12个月	患侧胸锁乳突肌紧张、双侧颈部旋转角度差＞15°
7级	＞7个月	存在胸锁乳突肌包块；或年龄＞12个月、双侧颈部旋转角度差＞30°

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Physical therapy examination and intervention of congenital muscular torticollis in the ICF-CY framework