肿瘤学专业学位研究生教育是培养合格肿瘤医师的重要途径，目前我国肿瘤学专业学位研究生教育的发展水平不一，没有被一致认可的培养模式。本文分别从培养目标、培养过程、课程体系、教学内容和教学方法、学生评价5个方面介绍了北京大学胜任力导向的肿瘤学专业学位研究生培养模式，提出要重视培养过程的系统性和规范性、加强临床能力培训、合理处理临床实践和科学研究间的关系等建议，以期探索更为科学规范的肿瘤学专业学位研究生培养模式，推动我国肿瘤学人才培养体系的持续完善。

Oncology professional degree postgraduate education is an important part of oncologist training, but the development level of oncology professional degree postgraduate education in China varies across different regions, and there is no widely accepted unified training mode. This paper introduces the competency-based training mode for oncology graduate students in Peking University from five aspects: training objectives, training process, curriculum system, teaching content and teaching methods, and student assessment. We suggest to attach importance to the systematisms and standardization of the training process, strengthen the training of clinical ability, and reasonably handle the relationship between clinical practice and scientific research. This paper aims to explore a more scientific and reasonable training mode for oncology professional degree postgraduates, and promote the continuous improvement of oncology personnel training system in China.