阿尔茨海默病（AD）是导致痴呆的最常见病因之一，随着AD的患病率逐年上升，为社会带来了沉重的负担。目前针对AD仅以药物为主要治疗手段，但效果有限。根据目前的AD研究框架，更多被提及的是针对淀粉样蛋白沉积、病理性tau及神经元变性的研究，这些研究方法具有昂贵、有创等不利因素，亟需开发更新颖且有效的AD诊断和治疗方法。经颅磁刺激（TMS）可以反映运动皮层兴奋性，揭示疾病的神经电生理变化，已经被越来越多地应用于AD相关诊断及治疗的研究中。已有研究结果表明TMS可以在疾病早期发现AD患者皮层的神经生理变化，与目前广泛应用的生物标志物相比较，前者对AD诊断及鉴别有着不可忽视的价值，又因其具有无创、便捷及费用较低等优点，有望在未来作为AD甚至其他神经变性病诊断的生物标志物。另外，已有研究将TMS应用于AD的治疗，并取得了一定的临床效果。本综述基于目前TMS的研究进展，对未来TMS在AD研究和治疗方面的价值进行分析。

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, and its morbidity increases rapidly, bringing a heavy burden to society. At present, drug therapy is the main treatment but unfortunately, with limited effect. According to the current AD research, amyloid deposition, pathologic tau, and neurodegeneration are most often studied for the diagnosis and treatment of AD, however, they have the disadvantages of high cost and invasion. Therefore, there is a urgent demand for novel and valid techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of AD. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can reveal the excitability of the motor cortex, reflect the alternative pathophysiology of diseases, and is being increasingly applied for AD diagnosis and treatment. Previous studies have shown that TMS can detect the neurophysiological changes in the cortex of AD patients at the prodromal stage of the disease, and compared to the well-established biomarkers, TMS has the value of diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Because of it is non-invasive, convenient, and inexpensive, TMS has the potential to become a biomarker of AD and other degenerative disease. In addition, TMS has been used in the treatment for AD and achieved promising clinical effects. This review focus on the advances in the studies of TMS, to analyze the application of TMS in the study and treatment of AD.