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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (06) : 439 -444. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2021.06.007

临床研究

空心钉的不同构型与股骨颈骨折术后髋关节功能的关系研究
谢学文1,(), 赵崇智1, 谭伟欣1, 丁玲1, 莫永辉1, 许力科1   
  1. 1. 528000 广东佛山,佛山市中医院骨科
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-15 出版日期:2021-06-15
  • 通信作者: 谢学文

Relationship between different configurations of hollow nails and hip joint function after surgery for femoral neck fracture

Xuewen Xie1,(), Chongzhi Zhao1, Weixin Tan1, Ling Ding1, Yonghui Mo1, Like. Xu1   

  1. 1. Department of Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, China
  • Received:2021-04-15 Published:2021-06-15
  • Corresponding author: Xuewen Xie
引用本文:

谢学文, 赵崇智, 谭伟欣, 丁玲, 莫永辉, 许力科. 空心钉的不同构型与股骨颈骨折术后髋关节功能的关系研究[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(06): 439-444.

Xuewen Xie, Chongzhi Zhao, Weixin Tan, Ling Ding, Yonghui Mo, Like. Xu. Relationship between different configurations of hollow nails and hip joint function after surgery for femoral neck fracture[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(06): 439-444.

目的

探究空心钉不同构型与股骨颈骨折术后髋关节功能的关系。

方法

选择2015年10月至2019年8月于本院骨科行空心螺钉内固定治疗且资料完整的中青年股骨颈骨折患者158例,依据空心螺钉数量及构型分为正三角形组、倒三角形组及四边形组。随访时间超过半年,记录并比较3组患者手术时间、术中出血量、透视次数、住院时间、部分负重时间、骨折愈合时间、髋关节Harris评分及术后并发症发生情况。

结果

3组患者术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间无统计学差异(P>0.05),平均随访(20.77±7.84)个月。正三角形组、倒三角形组和四边形组患者手术时间分别为(57.84±13.44)、(53.77±10.56)、(79.45±11.65)min,透视次数分别为(19.22±7.85)、(18.49±9.46)、(27.82±7.66)次,四边形组均高于其余2组(P<0.05),正三角形组和倒三角形组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。四边形组部分负重时间[(9.27±1.88)周]短于其余2组[正三角形组:(12.06±1.47)周,倒三角形组:(11.87±1.55)周],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),正三角形组和倒三角形组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后3个月后正三角形组、倒三角形组和四边形组患者Harris评分分别为(71.26±7.52)、(75.45±6.89)、(82.79±6.76)分,四边形组评分显著高于其余2组(P<0.05),正三角形组和倒三角形组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。3组患者末次随访Harris评分及总并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

空心螺钉治疗中青年股骨颈骨折临床疗效明确且螺钉构型及数量对骨折愈合及远期髋关节功能并无明显影响。

Objective

To explore the relationship between different configurations of hollow nails and hip joint function after femoral neck fracture surgery.

Methods

A total of 158 young and middle-aged femoral neck fracture patients who underwent hollow screw internal fixation in our hospital from October 2015 to August 2019 were selected. According to the number and configuration of hollow screws, they were divided into a normal triangle group, an inverted triangle group, and a quadrilateral group. The follow-up time was more than half a year. The operation time, blood loss, number of fluoroscopies, hospitalization time, time to partial weight bearing and fracture healing, Harris score of the hip joint, and postoperative complications were recorded and compared among the three groups.

Results

There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and time to fracture healing among the three groups (P>0.05), and the average follow-up time was (20.77±7.84) months. The operation time of the patients in the normal triangle group, inverted triangle group, and quadrilateral group were (57.84±13.44), (53.77±10.56) and (79.45±11.65) min, respectively; the number of fluoroscopies was (19.22±7.85), (18.49±9.46) and (27.82±7.66) times. The operation time was significantly longer and the number of fluoroscopies was significantly more in the quadrilateral group than in the other two groups (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between the normal triangle group and the inverted triangle group (P>0.05). The time to weight-bearing was significantly shorter in the quadrilateral group [(9.27±1.88) weeks] than in the other two groups [normal triangle gorup: (12.06±1.47) weeks, inverted triangle group: (11.87±1.55) weeks; P<0.05], though there was no statistical difference between the normal triangle group and the inverted triangle group (P>0.05). The Harris scores of patients in the normal triangle group, inverted triangle group, and quadrilateral group were (71.26±7.52), (75.45±6.89), and (82.79±6.76), respectively, at 3 months after surgery; the score of the quadrilateral group was significantly higher than those of the other two groups (P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between the normal triangle group and the inverted triangle group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in Harris score or total complication rate among the three groups at the last follow-up (P>0.05).

Conclusion

The clinical effect of hollow screws in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged patients is definite, and the configuration and number of screws have no significant effect on fracture healing and long-term hip joint function.

表1 3组股骨颈骨折患者基线资料比较
表2 3组股骨颈骨折患者术中及术后指标比较(
xˉ
±s)
表3 3组股骨颈骨折患者随访情况比较(
xˉ
±s)
图1 四边形空心螺钉固定GardenⅣ型股骨颈骨折患者X线片。患者,男性,44岁,车祸伤致右侧GardenⅣ型股骨颈骨折,受伤后24 h采用4枚空心螺钉固定;图a为术前X线正位片;图b为术前X线侧位片;图c为术后16周X线侧位片提示骨折愈合良好,基本达到解剖复位;图d为术后16周X线正位片提示骨折愈合良好,基本达到解剖复位
图2 倒三角形空心螺钉固定GardenⅢ型股骨颈骨折患者X线片。患者,男性,45岁,摔伤致左侧GardenⅢ型股骨颈骨折,受伤后36 h采用倒三角形空心螺钉固定;图a为术前X线正位片;图b为术前X线侧位片;图c为术后18周X线侧位片提示股骨颈短缩,骨折愈合欠佳;图d为术后16周X线正位片提示股骨颈短缩,骨折愈合欠佳
图3 正三角形空心螺钉固定GardenⅢ型股骨颈骨折患者X线片。患者,女性,54岁,摔伤致左侧GardenⅢ型股骨颈骨折,受伤后17 h采用正三角形空心螺钉固定;图a为术前X线正位片;图b为术前X线侧位片;图c为术后19周X线侧位片提示骨折愈合良好;图d为术后16周X线正位片提示骨折愈合良好
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