切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (02) : 112 -116. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2023.02.002

临床研究

再看儿童孤立性镜下血尿的常见病因
王丽霞, 马丽娟, 张宏文()   
  1. 751000 银川,北京大学第一医院宁夏妇女儿童医院儿科
    751000 银川,北京大学第一医院宁夏妇女儿童医院儿科;100034 北京,北京大学第一医院儿科
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-31 出版日期:2023-02-15
  • 通信作者: 张宏文
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏儿童慢性肾脏病研究及监测管理项目(2021年健康宁夏行动建设项目)(2021-NW-092)

Analysis of etiology of isolated microscopic hematuria in children

Lixia Wang, Lijuan Ma, Hongwen Zhang()   

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital-Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital, Yinchuan 750001, China
    Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital-Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital, Yinchuan 750001, China; Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
  • Received:2021-12-31 Published:2023-02-15
  • Corresponding author: Hongwen Zhang
引用本文:

王丽霞, 马丽娟, 张宏文. 再看儿童孤立性镜下血尿的常见病因[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(02): 112-116.

Lixia Wang, Lijuan Ma, Hongwen Zhang. Analysis of etiology of isolated microscopic hematuria in children[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(02): 112-116.

目的

探讨儿童孤立性镜下血尿的常见病因和处理措施。

方法

纳入2014年1月1日至2018年12月31日北京大学第一医院儿科诊断明确的孤立性镜下血尿患儿,分析其临床特点和病因构成。

结果

5年间纳入研究孤立性镜下血尿患儿共320例,病因以肾小球疾病为主(86.25%,276/320),包括薄基底膜肾病、紫癜性肾炎、感染后肾小球肾炎和Alport综合征;非肾小球疾病少见(13.75%,44/320),包括高钙尿症/肾结石、左肾静脉扩张综合征、热性/运动性血尿、自身免疫性疾病、外伤和高血压。在所有病因中,以薄基底膜肾病最为常见,共199例(62.19%)。

结论

儿童孤立性镜下血尿最常见的病因是薄基底膜肾病,总体预后好,临床应该以定期随访和监测为主,避免过度检查和治疗。

Objective

To explore the etiology of childhood isolated microscopic hematuria in China.

Methods

Children with isolated microscopic hematuria diagnosed at our hospital from January 2014 to December 2018 were studied retrospectively to summary their clinical characteristics and final diagnosis.

Results

There were 320 cases of isolated microscopic hematuria. The major (86.25%, 276/320) causes were glomerular diseases, including thin basement membrane nephropathy, purpura nephritis, post-infectious glomerulonephritis and Alport syndrome, while the minor (13.75%, 44/320) causes were non-glomerular diseases, including hypercalciuria or renalcalculus, left renal vein entrapment syndrome, febrile or exercise hematuria, and autoimmune disease. Thin basement membrane nephropathy is the most common cause (62.19%).

Conclusion

Thin basement membrane nephropathy is the main cause of childhood isolated microscopic hematuria in China. The overall prognosis is good. Long-term follow-up and surveillance are more important and necessary than excessive examinations and treatments.

表1 320例孤立性镜下血尿患儿不同性别的病因构成[例(%)]
表2 320例孤立性镜下血尿患儿不同年龄组的病因构成[例(%)]
1
Vehaskari VM, Rapola J, Koskimies O, et al. Microscopic hematuria in school children: epidemiology and clinicopathologic evaluation [J]. J Pediatr, 1979, 95(5 Pt 1): 676-684.
2
杨霁云. 孤立性血尿诊治中的一些问题 [J]. 中国实用儿科杂志, 2004, 19(2): 69-71.
3
Diven SC, Travis LB. A practical primary care approach to hematuria in children [J]. Pediatr Nephrol, 2000, 14(1): 65-72.
4
Feld LG, Waz WR, Perez LM, et al. Hematuria. An integrated medical and surgical approach [J]. Pediatr Clin North Am, 1997, 44(5): 1191-210.
5
中华医学会儿科学分会肾脏病学组. 紫癜性肾炎的诊治循证指南(2016) [J]. 中华儿科杂志, 2017, 55(9): 647-51.
6
Choi IS, Jung ES, Choi YE, et al. Random urinary calcium/creatinine ratio for screening hypercalciuria in children with hematuria [J]. Ann Lab Med, 2013, 33(6): 401-405.
7
孙智才, 刘玉玲, 潘晓芬, 等. 儿童无症状血尿431例病因分析及随访 [J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2015, 33(9): 810-812.
8
Yuen LK, Lai WM, Lau SC, et al. Ten-year review of disease pattern from percutaneous renal biopsy: an experience from a paediatric tertiary renal centre in Hong Kong [J]. Hong Kong Med J, 2008, 14(5): 348-355.
9
Park YH, Choi JY, Chung HS, et al. Hematuria and proteinuria in a mass school urine screening test [J]. Pediatr Nephrol, 2005, 20(8): 1126-1130.
10
Lee YM, Baek SY, Kim JH, et al. Analysis of renal biopsies performed in children with abnormal findings in urinary mass screening [J]. Acta paediatr, 2006, 95(7): 849-853.
11
Hall CL, Bradley R, Kerr A, et al. Clinical value of renal biopsy in patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria with and without low-grade proteinuria [J]. Clin Nephrol, 2004, 62(4): 267-272.
12
杨宇真, 杨青, 庄捷秋, 等. 儿童孤立性血尿207例病理分析 [J]. 中国中西医结合肾病杂志, 2007, 8(5): 291-292.
13
高远赋, 刘光陵, 夏正坤, 等. 小儿孤立性血尿的病理分析 [J]. 肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志, 2000, 9(1): 52-53.
14
吴红梅, 赵三龙, 黄松明, 等. 儿童孤立性血尿临床病理分析 [J]. 中华肾脏病杂志, 2012, 28(8): 643-634.
15
李玉峰, 卫敏江, 吴伟岚, 等. 儿童无症状血尿肾穿刺指征探讨 [J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2017, 35(7): 494-7.
16
Park SJ, Kim JE, Shin JI. When should we consider renal biopsy in children with isolated microscopic hematuria? [J]. Clin Exp Nephrol, 2014, 18(3): 521-522.
17
Vivante A, Afek A, Frenkel-Nir Y, et al. Persistent asymptomatic isolated microscopic hematuria in Israeli adolescents and young adults and risk for end-stage renal disease [J]. JAMA, 2011, 306(7): 729-736.
18
Bellincioni C, Garigali G, Fogazzi GB. Glomerular isolated microscopic hematuria: urinary features and long term follow-up of a selected cohort of patients [J]. Journal of nephrology, 2019, 32(2): 253-8.
19
Kajimoto Y, Endo Y, Terasaki M, et al. Pathologic glomerular characteristics and glomerular basement membrane alterations in biopsy-proven thin basement membrane nephropathy [J]. Clin Exp Nephrol, 2019, 23(5): 638-649.
20
Du T, Liu X, Ye W, et al. Primary Sjogren syndrome-associated acute interstitial nephritis and type 3 renal tubular acidosis in a patient with thin basement membrane nephropathy: A case report [J]. Medicine, 2020, 99(32): e21644.
21
Weber S, Strasser K, Rath S, et al. Identification of 47 novel mutations in patients with Alport syndrome and thin basement membrane nephropathy [J]. Pediatr Nephrol, 2016, 31(6): 941-955.
22
Turi S, Visy M, Vissy A, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with persistent/recurrent, isolated haematuria: a Hungarian multicentre study [J]. Pediatr Nephrol, 1989, 3(3): 235-239.
23
Assadi FK. Value of urinary excretion of microalbumin in predicting glomerular lesions in children with isolated microscopic hematuria [J]. Pediatr Nephrol, 2005, 20(8): 1131-1135.
24
Kim BS, Kim YK, Shin YS, et al. Natural history and renal pathology in patients with isolated microscopic hematuria [J]. Korean J Intern Med, 2009, 24(4): 356-361.
25
Shen P, He L, Li Y, et al. Natural history and prognostic factors of IgA nephropathy presented with isolated microscopic hematuria in Chinese patients [J]. Nephron Clin Pract, 2007, 106(4): c157-161.
[1] 张璇, 马宇童, 苗玉倩, 张云, 吴士文, 党晓楚, 陈颖颖, 钟兆明, 王雪娟, 胡淼, 孙岩峰, 马秀珠, 吕发勤, 寇海燕. 超声对Duchenne肌营养不良儿童膈肌功能的评价[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(10): 1068-1073.
[2] 张宝富, 俞劲, 叶菁菁, 俞建根, 马晓辉, 刘喜旺. 先天性原发隔异位型肺静脉异位引流的超声心动图诊断[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(10): 1074-1080.
[3] 韩丹, 王婷, 肖欢, 朱丽容, 陈镜宇, 唐毅. 超声造影与增强CT对儿童肝脏良恶性病变诊断价值的对比分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(09): 939-944.
[4] 刘婷婷, 林妍冰, 汪珊, 陈幕荣, 唐子鉴, 代东伶, 夏焙. 超声衰减参数成像评价儿童代谢相关脂肪性肝病的价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(08): 787-794.
[5] 周钰菡, 肖欢, 唐毅, 杨春江, 周娟, 朱丽容, 徐娟, 牟芳婷. 超声对儿童髋关节暂时性滑膜炎的诊断价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(08): 795-800.
[6] 米洁, 陈晨, 李佳玲, 裴海娜, 张恒博, 李飞, 李东杰. 儿童头面部外伤特点分析[J]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2023, 18(06): 511-515.
[7] 王蕾, 王少华, 牛海珍, 尹腾飞. 儿童腹股沟疝围手术期风险预警干预[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 768-772.
[8] 李芳, 许瑞, 李洋洋, 石秀全. 循证医学理念在儿童腹股沟疝患者中的应用[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 782-786.
[9] 彭永辉, 张文杰, 李炳根, 聂向阳, 吴凯, 杨六成. 单孔双针疝囊高位结扎术在儿童巨大腹股沟疝的临床应用[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 566-569.
[10] 周顺, 赵素侠, 时静静, 吴双双, 吴圆圆, 李金山. 丙泊酚-舒芬太尼复合七氟烷吸入对小儿腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术的麻醉效果及安全性[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 603-607.
[11] 吕垒, 冯啸, 何凯明, 曾凯宁, 杨卿, 吕海金, 易慧敏, 易述红, 杨扬, 傅斌生. 改良金氏评分在儿童肝豆状核变性急性肝衰竭肝移植手术时机评估中价值并文献复习[J]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2023, 12(06): 661-668.
[12] 卓少宏, 林秀玲, 周翠梅, 熊卫莲, 马兴灶. CD64指数、SAA/CRP、PCT联合检测在小儿消化道感染性疾病鉴别诊断中的应用[J]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(06): 505-509.
[13] 刘笑笑, 张小杉, 刘群, 马岚, 段莎莎, 施依璐, 张敏洁, 王雅晳. 中国学龄前儿童先天性心脏病流行病学研究进展[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(9): 1021-1024.
[14] 李静, 张玲玲, 邢伟. 兴趣诱导理念用于小儿手术麻醉诱导前的价值及其对家属满意度的影响[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(07): 812-817.
[15] 余林阳, 王美英, 李建斌, 楼骁斌, 谢思远, 马志忠, 齐海英, 李稼. 高原地区肺炎合并右心功能衰竭体征患儿的肺动脉压力和心脏形态与功能的特征[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 535-544.
阅读次数
全文


摘要