人类布鲁氏菌感染可引起全身许多器官病变，主要表现为长期发热、乏力、关节炎、神经痛、肝脾肿大等，其临床表现具有多样性和非特异性，这使布鲁氏菌病很容易被误诊。布鲁氏菌感染前列腺可导致血清前列腺特异性抗原异常（PSA）升高，当同时伴有骨质破坏时，容易被误诊为前列腺癌骨转移。我们报告一例布鲁菌病致前列腺炎合并脊柱炎表现的病例，术前误诊为前列腺癌骨转移，拟行前列腺穿刺活检，术前反复发热、腰疼，且使用常规广谱抗生素无效，通过全院的MDT讨论，完善特异性相关检查，再次详细追问流行病学史，最终纠正并明确诊断。该病例突出了对布鲁菌感染引起的非典型症状的重视和识别。同时通过复习相关文献以及总结该病例特点，加深对布鲁菌病的认识和诊断水平，减少误诊，并进行规范化的治疗和管理。

Human Brucella infection can cause lesions in many organs of the body, mainly manifesting as long-term fever, fatigue, arthritis, neuralgia, hepatosplenomegaly, etc., and its clinical manifestations are diverse and non-specific, which makes brucellosis easily misdiagnosed. Brucella infection of the prostate can lead to elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which is easily misdiagnosed as prostate cancer bone metastasis when accompanied by bone destruction. We herein report a case of prostatitis with spondylitis caused by brucellosis, which was misdiagnosed as prostate cancer bone metastasis before operation. Prostate biopsy was planned. The patient had recurrent fever and low back pain before operation, and the use of conventional broad-spectrum antibiotics was ineffective. Through multi-disciplinary team discussion, the specific relevant examinations were performed. The epidemiological history was inquired in detail again, and the diagnosis was finally corrected and confirmed. This case highlights the importance of recognition of atypical symptoms caused by Brucella infection. In addition, we review the relevant literature and summarize the characteristics of this case, with an aim to deepen the understanding and diagnosis of brucellosis, reduce misdiagnosis, and facilitate standardized treatment and management.