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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (05) : 433 -440. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2024.05.001

临床研究

持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者发生心脑血管事件的影响
张克1, 杨占奇2, 闫维1, 张二明1, 向平超1,()   
  1. 1. 100144 北京,北京大学首钢医院呼吸与危重症医学科
    2. 100144 北京,北京大学首钢医院血管医学中心;100144 北京,北京大学医学部血管健康研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-19 出版日期:2024-05-15
  • 通信作者: 向平超

Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Ke Zhang1, Zhanqi Yang2, Wei Yan1, Erming Zhang1, Pingchao Xiang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
    2. Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China;Vascular Health Research Center, Beijing 100144, China
  • Received:2024-02-19 Published:2024-05-15
  • Corresponding author: Pingchao Xiang
引用本文:

张克, 杨占奇, 闫维, 张二明, 向平超. 持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者发生心脑血管事件的影响[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(05): 433-440.

Ke Zhang, Zhanqi Yang, Wei Yan, Erming Zhang, Pingchao Xiang. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(05): 433-440.

目的

探究持续气道正压通气(CPAP)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者发生心脑血管疾病的影响。

方法

收集北京大学首钢医院呼吸科睡眠门诊2017年8月~2023年8月就诊的患者信息,其中OSAS患者876例,非OSAS患者424例。随机选取OSAS患者328例为观察组(接受CPAP治疗者67例,非CPAP治疗者261例),随机选择非OSAS患者328例作为对照组。对入组人群进行一段时间(最长5年,最短6个月)的随访,以其有新发心脑血管疾病作为终点事件。选择标准多导睡眠监测作为睡眠呼吸暂停的检测手段,根据病历信息采集患者基线资料,组间对比采用t/χ2检验,推断性分析采用四格表形式,多因素变量采用logistics逻辑分析。

结果

推断性分析结果表明CPAP治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与心脑血管疾病的发生率有关(OR=0.499,95%CI:0.024~0.938),CPAP治疗组与非睡眠呼吸暂停组的心脑血管疾病发生率基本一致(OR=0.995,95%CI:0.672-2.441)。将各变量带入logistics分析,CPAP治疗与心脑血管疾病的发生有统计学意义(P<0.05,OR=0.51,95%CI:0.232~0.903)。

结论

CPAP治疗可以改善OSAS患者的缺氧症状,进而改善远期心脑血管疾病的发生率。

Objective

To explore the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Methods

The information of patients who visited the respiratory sleep clinic of Peking University Shougang Hospital from August 2017 to August 2023 was collected, including 876 OSAS patients and 424 non-OSAS patients, of which 328 OSAS patients were randomly selected as an observation group (including 67 patients received CPAP treatment and 261 patients received non-CPAP treatment ), and 328 non-OSAS patients were randomly selected as a control group.The enrolled patients were followed up for 6 months to 4 years, with newly developed cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as the endpoint event. Polysomnography was used to diagnose sleep apnea. The baseline data of the patients was collected according to the medical record information. The t/χ2 test was used for comparison between groups. Inferential analysis was performed using a four-grid table, and multivariate variables were identified by logistics regression analysis.

Results

Inferential analysis showed that CPAP treatment was associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (odds ratio [OR]=0.499, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.024~0.938). The incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the CPAP treatment group was comparable to that of the control group (OR=0.995, 95%CI: 0.672~2.441 ). Logistics regression analysis demonstrated that CPAP treatment was statistically associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (P<0.05, OR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.232~0.903).

Conclusion

CPAP treatment can improve the symptoms of hypoxia in patients with OSAS, thereby improving the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

图1 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征研究入选人群流程图
图2 CPAP治疗示意图及外观图
表1 研究对象一般基线资料[例(%)]
分类 观察组(1组) 对照组(2组) t/χ2 P
1a 1b 整组
n=67 n=261 n=328 n=328
男/女 42/25 151/110 193/135 172/156 4.34 0.53
平均年龄(岁) 53.47±3.35 54.43±3.46 54.27±3.42 54.78±3.72 3.91 0.36
吸烟 43(64.1) 89(34.0) 132(40.2) 166(50.6) 4.48 0.05
饮酒 31(46.2) 56(21.4) 87(26.5) 59(17.0) 5.42 0.02*
运动 9(13.4) 13(4.9) 21(6.4) 30(9.1) 2.01 0.11
BMI 32.31±2.13 30.29±2.10 31.24±2.11 25.35±2.41 4.11 0.37
高血压病 46(68.6) 155(59.3) 201(61.2) 82(25.0) 5.38 0.08
糖尿病 17(25.5) 43(16.4) 60(18.2) 27(8.2) 3.84 0.06
高脂血症 22(32.8) 89(34.0) 111(33.8) 72(21.9) 9.02 0.72
冠心病 24(35.8) 73(27.9) 97(29.5) 62(18.9) 2.03 0.43
心衰病史 7(10.4) 29(11.1) 36(10.9) 15(4.5) 4.02 0.65
COPD病史 11(16.4) 42(16.0) 53(16.1) 33(10.0) 8.49 0.11
哮喘病史 9(13.4) 36(13.7) 45(13.7) 24(7.3) 5.58 0.34
肺心病史 10(14.9) 55(21.0) 65(19.8) 33(10.0) 6.09 0.83
脑血管病史 15(22.3) 71(27.2) 86(26.2) 32(9.7) 5.90 0.57
心率 78.32±5.53 85.11±7.75 83.27±7.04 80.08±5.47 5.57 0.06
血红蛋白 112±10 126±15 119±12 115±13 1.09 0.04*
血小板 246±22 305±26 286±24 273±23 5.67 0.01*
PCT 0.04±0.01 0.06±0.01 0.05±0.01 0.04±0.01 2.07 0.82
白介素 0.11±0.02 0.13±0.01 0.12±0.01 0.09±0.01 4.44 0.32
CRP 0.08±0.01 0.1±0.01 0.09±0.01 0.07±0.01 3.31 0.43
白细胞 7.9±1.2 8.4±1.5 8.1±1.3 8.2±1.2 1.33 0.35
BNP 105±12 156±16 123±15 134±15 8.04 0.72
钾离子 4.03±1.0 3.96±1.01 4.01±1.0 4.05±1.0 7.03 0.47
表2 CPAP治疗组(1a组)、OSA未治疗组(1b组)和对照组的终点事件[例(%)]
表3 CPAP治疗组(1a组)与非CPAP治疗组(1b组)对比(例)
表4 CPAP治疗组(1a组)与对照组(2组)对比(例)
表5 OSA未治疗组(1b组)与对照组(2组)对比(例)
表6 终点事件与背景因素的多因素logistic分析
表7 纳入CPAP治疗后的logistic分析
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