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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (06) : 524 -532. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2024.06.002

临床研究

不同亚型乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床病理特征及预后危险因素分析
郭曌蓉1, 王歆光1, 刘毅强2, 何英剑1, 王立泽1, 杨飏1, 汪星1, 曹威1, 谷重山1, 范铁1, 李金锋1, 范照青1,()   
  1. 1. 100142 北京,恶性肿瘤发病机制及转化研究教育部重点实验室 北京大学肿瘤医院暨北京市肿瘤防治研究所乳腺癌预防治疗中心
    2. 100142 北京,恶性肿瘤发病机制及转化研究教育部重点实验室 北京大学肿瘤医院暨北京市肿瘤防治研究所病理科
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-20 出版日期:2024-06-15
  • 通信作者: 范照青
  • 基金资助:
    北京市医院管理中心临床医学发展专项(YGLX202334)

Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic risk factors of different subtypes of phyllodes tumor of the breast

Zhaorong Guo1, Xinguang Wang1, Yiqiang Liu2, Yingjian He1, Lize Wang1, Yang Yang1, Xing Wang1, Wei Cao1, Chongshan Gu1, Tie Fan1, Jinfeng Li1, Zhaoqing Fan1,()   

  1. 1. Breast Cancer Center, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
    2. Department of Pathology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
  • Received:2024-05-20 Published:2024-06-15
  • Corresponding author: Zhaoqing Fan
引用本文:

郭曌蓉, 王歆光, 刘毅强, 何英剑, 王立泽, 杨飏, 汪星, 曹威, 谷重山, 范铁, 李金锋, 范照青. 不同亚型乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床病理特征及预后危险因素分析[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 524-532.

Zhaorong Guo, Xinguang Wang, Yiqiang Liu, Yingjian He, Lize Wang, Yang Yang, Xing Wang, Wei Cao, Chongshan Gu, Tie Fan, Jinfeng Li, Zhaoqing Fan. Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic risk factors of different subtypes of phyllodes tumor of the breast[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(06): 524-532.

目的

研究不同亚型乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床病理特征和预后分析。

方法

回顾性分析北京大学肿瘤医院乳腺中心2009年2月至2023年11月接受手术治疗的146例乳腺叶状肿瘤(PTB)患者的临床病理资料。根据病理诊断结果分为良性、交界性和恶性3组,采用χ2检验分析3组患者的临床病理特征。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,并用Log-rank法比较3组无局部复发生存(LRFS)、无病生存(DFS)、总生存(OS)的差异,单因素及多因素Cox比例风险模型分析影响PTB患者LRFS的危险因素。

结果

纳入研究的146例PTB患者中,良性60例(41.1%)、交界性51例(34.9%),恶性35例(24%)。平均年龄为(42.0±12.9)岁,中位随访时间为87个月。良性和交界性PTB组的平均发病年龄均低于恶性PTB组(P=0.005)。超声内部回声、核分裂象、切缘状态不明确的比例在良性、交界性PTB组与恶性PTB组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。超声边界、手术方式、二次手术在3组间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。3组之间的CNB病理结果、病理最大径、纤维腺瘤手术史、局部复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。良性PTB组的5年DFS率显著高于恶性PTB组(P=0.009),良性和交界性PTB的OS率显著高于恶性PTB(P<0.001)。对于PTB患者的预后影响因素比较,切缘状态不明确(HR=3.32,95%CI:1.045~10.545,P=0.042)是影响乳腺叶状肿瘤LRFS的独立危险因素。

结论

PTB患者总体预后较好,良性、交界性与恶性PTB的临床病理特征存在一定差异,明确的病理切缘阴性对于提高LRFS有一定价值。

Objective

To investigate the clinical pathological characteristics and prognostic risk factors of different subtypes of phyllodes tumor of the breast (PTB).

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 146 patients with PTB who underwent surgical treatment at Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center of Beijing Cancer Hospital from February 2009 to November 2023. The patients were divided into benign, borderline, and malignant groups based on pathology. The Chi-square test was used to analyze clinical and pathological characteristics across the groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated, and the Log-rank test was performed to compare local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) among different groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors affecting LRFS.

Results

Among the 146 patients with PTBs, there were 60 cases (41.1%) of benign, 51 cases (34.9%) of borderline, and 35 cases (24%) of malignant PTB. The average age of the patients was (42±12.9) years, and the median follow-up duration was 87 months. The average age was lower in the benign and borderline PTB groups compared to the malignant group (P=0.005). Significant differences were observed in internal echogenicity, nuclear division figures, and margin status between among the three groups (P<0.05). Differences were also noted in ultrasound boundaries, resection type, and reoperations (P<0.05) among the three groups. No significant differences were found in core needle biopsy pathology results, maximum diameter, fibroadenoma surgical history, or local recurrence rate (P>0.05). The 5-year DFS rate was higher in the benign PTB group compared to the malignant PTB group (P=0.009), while OS rate was higher in the benign/borderline PTB groups compared to the malignant PTB group (P<0.001). Unclear margin status was identified as an independent risk factor for LRFS in PTB (hazard ratio=3.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.045~10.545, P=0.042).

Conclusion

PTB patients generally have a favorable prognosis, with distinct clinical and pathological characteristics among benign, borderline, and malignant PTB. Clear pathological negative margin plays a role in improving LRFS.

图1 研究对象纳入流程图 注:PTB为乳腺叶状肿瘤
表1 146例乳腺叶状肿瘤患者临床病理特征对比[例(%)]
临床病理特点 良性(n=60) 交界性(n=51) 恶性(n=35) 总数(n=146) Z/χ2 P
年龄(岁, 39.2±12.7 41.2±12.4 48±12.1 42±12.9 5.599 0.005
超声最大径 19.435 0.001
≤5 cm 29(48.3) 21(41.2) 11(31.4) 61(41.8)
>5 cm 30(50) 28(54.9) 15(42.9) 73(50)
不详 1(1.7) 2(3.9) 9(25.7) 12(8.2)
超声边界 16.9 0.002
清晰 45(75) 32(62.7) 13(37.1) 90(61.6)
不清晰 10(16.7) 14(27.5) 11(31.4) 35(24)
不详 5(8.3) 5(9.8) 11(31.4) 21(14.4)
内部回声 26.279 <0.001
低回声 29(48.3) 20(39.2) 4(11.4) 53(36.3)
低实/实性 28(46.7) 23(45.1) 18(51.4) 69(47.3)
囊实性 2(3.3) 5(9.8) 4(11.4) 11(7.5)
不详 1(1.7) 3(5.9) 9(25.7) 13(8.9)
血流分级 9.602 0.048
不丰富 34(56.7) 24(47.1) 17(48.6) 75(51.4)
丰富 22(36.7) 24(47.1) 10(28.6) 56(38.4)
不详 4(6.7) 3(5.9) 8(22.9) 15(10.3)
是否多灶 13.902 0.008
35(58.3) 32(62.7) 20(57.1) 87(59.6)
24(40) 17(33.3) 8(22.9) 49(33.6)
不详 1(1.7) 2(3.9) 7(20) 10(6.8)
CNB病理结果 6.672 0.352
纤维腺瘤 3(5) 8(13.7) 3(8.6) 13(8.9)
纤维上皮性肿瘤 21(35) 13(25.5) 6(17.1) 40(27.4)
PTB 24(40) 21(41.2) 15(42.9) 60(41.1)
其他 12(20) 10(19.6) 11(31.4) 33(22.6)
病理最大径 6.997 0.136
≤5 cm 30(50) 23(45.1) 12(34.3) 65(44.5)
>5 cm 29(48.3) 25(49) 18(51.4) 72(49.3)
不详 1(1.7) 3(5.9) 5(14.3) 9(6.2)
核分裂象 103.621 <0.001
<10/10HPF 39(65) 40(78.4) 1(2.9) 80(54.8)
≥10/10HPF 0 2(3.9) 27(77.1) 29(19.9)
不详 21(35) 9(17.6) 7(20) 37(25.3)
手术方式 14.393 0.006
肿瘤切除 18(30) 12(23.5) 1(2.9) 31(21.2)
局部扩大切除 35(58.3) 31(60.8) 22(62.9) 88(60.3)
全乳切除 7(11.7) 8(15.7) 12(34.3) 27(18.5)
切缘状态 9.708 0.046
阴性 41(68.3) 36(70.6) 33(94.3) 110(75.3)
阳性 2(3.3) 2(3.9) 1(2.9) 5(3.4)
不明确 17(28.3) 13(25.5) 1(2.9) 31(21.2)
二次手术 14.582 0.001
56(93.3) 43(84.3) 22(62.9) 121(82.9)
4(6.7) 8(15.7) 13(37.1) 25(17.1)
纤维腺瘤手术史 0.516 0.773
49(81.7) 44(86.3) 30(85.7) 123(84.2)
11(18.3) 7(13.7) 5(14.3) 23(15.8)
局部复发 5(8.3) 8(15.7) 1(2.9) 14(9.6) 4.126 0.127
远处转移 0 0 5(14.3) 5(3.4) 16.419 <0.001
死亡 0 0 6(17.1) 6(4.1) 19.844 <0.001
中位随访时间 103.5(6~177) 73(6~176) 78(1~137) 87(1~177) 1.982 0.142
图2 不同病理亚型PTB患者的生存曲线。图a为无局部复发生存曲线;图b为5年无病生存曲线;图c为总生存曲线
表2 影响乳腺叶状肿瘤无局部复发生存的单因素和多因素Cox回归分析
图3 不同切缘状态的无局部复发生存曲线。图a为所有亚型PTB;图b为良性PTB;图c为交界性PTB;图d为恶性PTB 注:PTB为乳腺叶状肿瘤
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