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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (06) : 593 -595. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2024.06.012

病例报告

贲门失弛缓症经口内镜下肌切开术后非典型血肿的早期发现与治疗
李鑫会1, 赵春旭2, 刘晓峰3, 魏志4,(), 王静3,()   
  1. 1. 250031 济南,中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九六〇医院消化科;250117 济南,山东第一医科大学
    2. 250031 济南,中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九六〇医院消化科;255000 淄博,中国人民解放军32675部队
    3. 250031 济南,中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九六〇医院消化科
    4. 250000 济南,山东省第二人民医院消化科
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-30 出版日期:2024-06-15
  • 通信作者: 魏志, 王静
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81900467); 山东省医药卫生科技项目(202303031627)

Atypical esophageal submucosal hematoma after peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: early detection and successful endoscopic decompression with hematoma clearance

Xinhui Li, Chunxu Zhao, Xiaofeng Liu   

  • Received:2024-01-30 Published:2024-06-15
引用本文:

李鑫会, 赵春旭, 刘晓峰, 魏志, 王静. 贲门失弛缓症经口内镜下肌切开术后非典型血肿的早期发现与治疗[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 593-595.

Xinhui Li, Chunxu Zhao, Xiaofeng Liu. Atypical esophageal submucosal hematoma after peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: early detection and successful endoscopic decompression with hematoma clearance[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(06): 593-595.

患者男性,43岁,因“吞咽困难、反酸2年”于2019年11月11日入院,患者2年前无明显诱因出现吞咽困难,进食馒头、面条等固体食物时明显,有时伴胸骨后疼痛、恶心、呕吐,呕吐物为进食食物,服用“奥美拉唑、枸橼酸铋钾”后症状改善不明显。既往高血压病史10余年,血压最高可达160/120 mmHg,平素服用“苯磺酸氨氯地平片5 mg 1/日”,未规律监测血压。于我院行上消化道泛影葡胺造影诊断意见示:贲门失弛缓症(achalasia,AC)()。该患者临床诊断为贲门失弛缓症,Eckardt评分7分,临床分级Ⅲ级。入院后规律服用降压药物,血压控制良好。患者无内镜下治疗禁忌,2019年11月15于中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九六〇医院消化内科行超声内镜检查示:贲门部位固有肌层增厚,其余各层次回声分界清晰连续;中段食管固有肌层回声尚清晰连续()。后行经口内镜下肌切开术(peroral endoscopic myotomy,POEM)()。术后暂禁食,常规抑酸、补液等治疗。术后第2天开始进食流食,进食顺畅,无胸痛、反流等不适。POEM术后第4天,患者未遵医嘱进食油条,进食中吞咽顺畅,无明显不适,半天后出现饮水时吞咽困难,无明显胸痛,无呕血、黑便,复查上消化道泛影葡胺造影示:食管扩张、食管下端狭窄。术后第5天复查胃镜示:食管管腔迂曲,见少量食物残留,距门齿25 cm原隧道开口部位见钛夹留置,原隧道部位隆起明显,呈蓝色改变,触压有波动感,下段管腔狭窄,齿状线清,贲门松弛,开闭正常()。考虑隧道内迟发性出血,隧道内血肿形成,遂于内镜下行隧道内血肿清除术:距门齿30 cm原隧道顶端dual刀切开顶端黏膜,建立隧道口,可见大量陈旧性淤血流出,流出后观察黏膜隆起处较前明显缩小,进入隧道内观察可见部分血凝块沉积(),充分冲洗后观察未见活动性渗血部位(),尝试用网篮清理部分血凝块,用甲硝唑注射液冲洗隧道腔,无出血,置放钛夹封闭隧道口();留置胃管于胃内。术后持续监测血压、鼻饲饮食,给予营养、补液治疗,患者生命体征平稳,无不适。内镜下隧道开窗减压及血肿清除术后第6天恢复半流质饮食,进食顺畅,无吞咽困难,Eckardt评分3分,临床分级Ⅰ级。2021年3月26日门诊复查上消化道泛影葡胺造影、胃镜(),患者手术部位愈合良好,出院后无吞咽困难、反流、恶心、呕吐等症状。我科医师电话随访2年,患者一般状况良好,未再出现吞咽困难等症状,Eckardt评分0分。

图1 术前检查。图a为POEM术前上消化道泛影葡胺造影;图b为POEM术前超声内镜检查 注:POEM为经口内镜下肌切开术
图2 经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)。图a为Flush水刀建立倒T型隧道口,逐层分离黏膜下层后;图b为TT刀逐层渐进式切开食管环形肌;图c为置放钛夹封闭隧道口
图3 出现吞咽困难后食管黏膜下血肿治疗。图a为食管隆起;图b为贲门表现;图c为黏膜下血肿;图d为隧道内血肿清除术后;图e为置放钛夹封闭隧道口
图4 2021年3月26日门诊复查图。图a为复查上消化道泛影葡胺造影;图b为复查胃镜表现
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