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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (07) : 618 -624. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2024.07.002

临床研究

感染性心内膜炎合并急性肾损伤患者的危险因素探索及死亡风险预测
颜世锐1, 熊辉1,()   
  1. 1.100034 北京,北京大学第一医院急诊科
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-23 出版日期:2024-07-15
  • 通信作者: 熊辉

Identification of risk factors for acute kidney injury in patients with infective endocarditis and prediction of death risk in such patients with acute kidney injury

Shirui Yan1, Hui Xiong1,()   

  1. 1.Department of Emergency Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
  • Received:2024-05-23 Published:2024-07-15
  • Corresponding author: Hui Xiong
引用本文:

颜世锐, 熊辉. 感染性心内膜炎合并急性肾损伤患者的危险因素探索及死亡风险预测[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(07): 618-624.

Shirui Yan, Hui Xiong. Identification of risk factors for acute kidney injury in patients with infective endocarditis and prediction of death risk in such patients with acute kidney injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(07): 618-624.

目的

探索感染性心内膜炎(IE)合并急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的相关危险因素,并预测该群体住院期间的死亡风险,为临床治疗提供帮助。

方法

回顾性收集2014 年1 月1 日至2023年12 月31 日在北京大学第一医院住院患者中出院诊断中含有“感染性心内膜炎”的成年患者,根据是否发生AKI 分为AKI组与非AKI组,剔除明确由心脏手术引发的AKI 病例,比较组间差异,探索AKI 的危险因素。在已经合并AKI 的群体中,分为死亡组与存活组,分析死亡相关的危险因素,并预测死亡风险。

结果

最终纳入131 例患者,AKI组56 人(其中明确由心脏手术引发的AKI12 例),非AKI组75 人,总AKI 发生率42.7%,非手术相关AKI 发生率33.6%。在总AKI 群体中,死亡12 人,病死率21.4%。糖尿病(OR=4.69,95%CI:1.03~21.47)、尿检异常(OR=5.79,95%CI:1.67~20.08)、应用造影剂(OR=5.68,95%CI:1.43~22.65)、脓毒症(OR=22.17,95%CI:4.75~103.53)是IE 患者发生AKI 发生的危险因素(P<0.05),而发生脓毒症(OR=42.79,95%CI:1.64~1114.70)和累及系统(或器官)数量(OR=4.44,95%CI:1.44~13.68)对IE合并AKI群体的住院死亡风险具有重要影响(P<0.05)。

结论

IE 患者中,尿检异常、糖尿病、造影剂应用及发生脓毒症是AKI 发生的危险因素。无论何时发生脓毒症、AKI 后48 h 受累系统(或器官)数量对IE 合并AKI 群体死亡有预测意义。

Objective

To identify the risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with infectious endocarditis (IE), and to predict the risk of death during hospitalization in such patients with AKI,so as to provide help for clinical treatment of these patients.

Methods

Adult patients hospitalized at Peking University First Hospital from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019 who were diagnosed with IE were retrospectively collected and divided into either an AKI group or a non-AKI group according to whether AKI occurred or not. AKI cases clearly caused by cardiac surgery were excluded. The two groups were compared for potential variables to identify the risk factors for AKI. The patients with AKI were then divided into either a death group or a survival group based on the outcome, and the risk factors associated with death were identified and the risk of death was predicted.

Results

A total of 131 patients were included, including 56 patients in the AKI group (including 12 AKI cases clearly caused by cardiac surgery) and 75 in the non-AKI group, with the total incidence of AKI and non-surgical AKI being 42.7% and 33.6%, respectively. In the total AKI population, 12 people died and the case fatality rate was 21.4%. Diabetes (odds ratio [OR]=4.69, 95%confidence interval [CI]: 1.03~21.47), abnormal urine test (OR=5.79, 95%CI: 1.67~20.08), use of contrast medium (OR=5.68, 95%CI: 1.43~22.65), and sepsis (OR=22.17, 95%CI: 4.75~103.53) were identified to be the risk factors for AKI in IE patients (P<0.05), while sepsis (OR=42.79, 95%CI: 1.64~1114.70) and the number of systems (or organs) involved (OR=4.44, 95%CI: 1.44~13.68) had an important effect on the risk of in-hospital death in IE patients with AKI (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Abnormal urine test, diabetes mellitus, contrast agent use, and sepsis are risk factors for AKI in IE patients. No matter when sepsis occurs,the number of affected systems (or organs) at 48 hours after AKI is significant in predicting the death of IE patients with AKI.

图1 IE 合并AKI 患者纳入研究流程图 注:蓝色方框为探索IE 合并AKI 的危险因素分组;IE 为感染性心内膜炎;AKI 为急性肾损伤
表1 AKI组与非AKI组基础信息、临床特征和结局比对
项目 合计(119例) 非AKI(75例) AKI(非手术相关)(44例) P
年龄[岁,M(q1,q3)] 50.0(35.0~63.0) 47.0(34.0~63.0) 55.0(39.0~62.0) 0.204
性别[男性,例(%)] 91(76.5) 63(84.0) 28(63.6) 0.011
糖尿病[例(%)] 21(17.6) 8(10.7) 13(29.5) 0.009
高血压[例(%)] 50(42.0) 27(36.0) 23(52.3) 0.083
先心病[例(%)] 19(16.0) 14(18.7) 5(11.4) 0.294
CKD[例(%)] 11(9.2) 3(4.0) 8(18.2) 0.010
临床特征
白细胞[*109/L,M(q1,q3)] 6.9(5.6~10.2) 6.8(5.6~9.9) 8.7(5.7~11.3) 0.025
血红蛋白[g/L,M(q1,q3)] 106.0(87.0~116.0) 109.0(93.0~117.0) 91.5(81.5~109.8) 0.001
血小板[*109/L,M(q1,q3)] 184.0(135.0~258.0) 189.0(147.0~282.0) 181.5(134.3~239.8) 0.341
crp[mg/L,M(q1,q3)] 34.0(17.0~76.5) 32.9(16.5~72.3) 40.4(18.3~85.3) 0.283
肌酐基线[μmol/L,M(q1,q3)] 70.0(59.0~86.0) 67.0(58.0~78.0) 80.0(62.3~98.8) 0.003
基础eGFR[mL·min-1·1.73m-2,M(q1,q3)] 100.0(83.0~115.0) 105.0(95.0~119.0) 88(64.3~105.0) <0.001
1 67(56.3) 34(28.6) -
累及瓣膜数[个,例(%)] 2 8(6.7) 9(7.6) -
3 0 1(0.8) 0.072
尿检异常[例(%)] 60(50.4) 25(33.3) 35(79.5) <0.001
血培养阳性[例(%)] 100(84.0) 61(81.3) 39(88.6) 0.294
血培养G+菌[例(%)] 59(49.6) 38(50.7) 21(47.7) 0.757
血培养G-菌[例(%)] 4(3.4) 2(2.7) 2(4.5) 0.583
造影[例(%)] 27(22.7) 11(14.7) 16(36.4) 0.006
利尿剂[例(%)] 58(48.7) 30(40.0) 28(63.6) 0.013
ACEI/ARB[例(%)] 16(13.4) 11(14.7) 5(11.4) 0.610
肾毒性药物[例(%)] 60(50.4) 34(45.3) 26(59.1) 0.147
累及二尖瓣[例(%)] 60(50.4) 36(48.0) 24(54.5) 0.491
累及主动脉瓣[例(%)] 58(48.7) 35(46.7) 23(52.3) 0.555
累及人工瓣膜[例(%)] 13(10.9) 9(12.0) 4(9.1) 0.623
累及三尖瓣[例(%)] 6(5.0) 3(4.0) 3(6.8) 0.498
脓毒症[例(%)] 29(24.4) 5(6.7) 24(54.5) <0.001
结局指标
出院时肌酐[μmol/L,M(q1,q3)] 84.0(69.9~107.7) 79.0(67.0-90.0) 104.0(84.3~184.0) <0.001
ICU停留天数[天,M(q1,q3)] 2.0(0~3.0) 2.0(0~3.0) 2.0(0~6.8) 0.072
住院天数[天,M(q1,q3)] 38.0(22.0~60.0) 37.0(24.0~59.0) 44.5(20.3~62.8) 0.809
死亡[例(%)] 14(11.8) 2(2.7) 12(27.3) <0.001
表2 IE 患者合并AKI 危险因素的多因素Logistic 回归分析
表3 IE 合并AKI 患者“院内死亡”危险因素的差异性分析
表4 IE 合并AKI 患者“院内死亡”危险因素的多因素Logistic 回归分析
图2 IE 合并AKI 患者的死亡风险预测列线图 注:SEPSIS 为脓毒症;SYSTEM 为累及系统或器官数量;RISK为住院死亡风险;IE 为感染性心内膜炎;AKI 为急性肾损伤
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