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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (12) : 1118 -1124. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2024.12.007

临床研究

尿路结石成分及防治研究410例
杨迎中1, 张叶飞1, 刘彦斌1, 孙海刚1, 柴晓鹤1, 郭美丽1, 张然1, 高官1,()   
  1. 1. 030000 山西太原,太原市中心医院泌尿外科
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-13 出版日期:2024-12-15
  • 通信作者: 高官
  • 基金资助:
    太原市科学技术局,国家区域医疗中心科技创新计划项目(202212)

Composition and prevention of urinary tract stones: analysis of 410 cases

Yingzhong Yang1, Yefei Zhang1, Yanbin Liu1, Haigang Sun1, Xiaohe Chai1, Meili Guo1, Ran Zhang1, Guan Gao1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Urology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan 030000, China
  • Received:2024-10-13 Published:2024-12-15
  • Corresponding author: Guan Gao
引用本文:

杨迎中, 张叶飞, 刘彦斌, 孙海刚, 柴晓鹤, 郭美丽, 张然, 高官. 尿路结石成分及防治研究410例[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(12): 1118-1124.

Yingzhong Yang, Yefei Zhang, Yanbin Liu, Haigang Sun, Xiaohe Chai, Meili Guo, Ran Zhang, Guan Gao. Composition and prevention of urinary tract stones: analysis of 410 cases[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(12): 1118-1124.

目的

探究山西太原小店区尿路结石的成分构成,分析其与患者临床特征的关联,旨在为尿路结石的有效防治提供科学依据与精准的策略指导。

方法

收集2022年12月~ 2024年8月于北京大学第一医院太原医院就诊的长期在山西太原小店区生活的410例尿路结石患者作为观察组,同期410名健康体检者作为对照组。比较2组年龄、性别、BMI、每日饮水量等一般资料,采用红外光谱检测观察组患者尿路结石的化学成分,对尿路结石危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。并收集结石患者与非结石患者行24 h尿成石因素分析。

结果

结石成分检出结果显示,草酸钙、碳酸磷灰石检出率最高,尿酸、磷酸镁铵、磷酸氢钙检出率相对较低;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,BMI、羊汤、牺汤饮食、每日饮水量<1 L、运动锻炼缺乏是尿路结石的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结石组柠檬酸水平低于非结石组,钾含量高于非结石组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示24 h尿中低柠檬酸、高钾是小店区泌尿系结石患者的影响因素。

结论

山西太原小店区尿路结石患者的结石化学成分以草酸钙为主,低柠檬酸、高钾是24 h尿成石的影响因素,且尿路结石的发生与BMI高、饮水少、羊汤、牺汤饮食、运动锻炼不足等多种因素有关,及早采取预防性干预措施,有利于尿路结石的治疗指导与防治。

Objective

To explore the composition of urinary tract stones and analyze their correlation with clinical characteristics, so as to provide scientific basis and precise strategic guidance for effective prevention and treatment of urinary tract stones.

Methods

A total of 410 patients with urinary tract stones who have been living in Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province for a long time and treated at Peking University First Hospital Taiyuan Hospital from December 2022 to August 2024 were included as the observation group, and 410 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination during the same period were included as the control group. The general information such as age, gender, body mass index(BMI), and daily water intake was compared between 2 groups. Infrared spectroscopy was used to detect the chemical composition of urinary stones in the observation group. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors for urinary stones. Data from both stone patients and non-stone patients were collected for analysis of influencing factors of 24-hour urinary stone formation.

Results

The contents of citric acid, potassium, and magnesium in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, while the concentrations of oxalic acid, uric acid, calcium, and phosphorus were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Calcium oxalate and carbonate apatite had the highest detection rates, while uric acid, magnesium ammonium phosphate, and calcium hydrogen phosphate had relatively lower detection rates. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, diet with wholesheep soup, daily water intake<1 L, frequent alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise were independent risk factors for urinary tract stones (P<0.05). The citric acid level in the stone group was significantly lower than that of the non-stone group, and the potassium content was significantly higher than that of the non-stone group (P<0.05), indicating that low citric acid and high potassium are independent influencing factors for 24-hour urinary stone formation.

Conclusions

The chemical component of urinary tract stones in patients with urinary tract stones in Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, Shanxi is mainly calcium oxalate, which is more common in the upper urinary tract. Low citric acid and high potassium are independent factors affecting 24-hour urinary stone formation. The occurrence of urinary tract stones is related to various factors such as high BMI, low water intake, diet with whole-sheep soup, and insufficient exercise. Early preventive intervention measures are beneficial for the treatment guidance and prevention of urinary tract stones.

表1 观察组与对照组一般资料比较
表2 尿路结石患者结石成分检出情况[例(%)]
表3 尿路结石患者危险因素Logistic回归分析
表4 尿路结石患者危险因素Logistic回归分析
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