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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (12) : 1132 -1138. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2024.12.009

调查研究

烟草烟雾暴露与成年人便秘风险的关联研究
崔国策1, 焦霞1, 贝绍生2, 李华山,3   
  1. 1. 100038 北京,首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院中医外科
    2. 100091 北京,中国中医科学院西苑医院肛肠科
    3. 100053 北京,中国中医科学院广安门医院肛肠科
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-19 出版日期:2024-12-15
  • 通信作者: 李华山
  • 基金资助:
    中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(C12021A01901)

Association between tobacco smoke exposure and risk of constipation in American adults

Guoce Cui1, Xia Jiao1, Shaosheng Bei2, Huashan Li,3   

  1. 1. Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, China
    2. Department of Anorectology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
    3. Department of Anorectology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China
  • Received:2024-12-19 Published:2024-12-15
  • Corresponding author: Huashan Li
引用本文:

崔国策, 焦霞, 贝绍生, 李华山. 烟草烟雾暴露与成年人便秘风险的关联研究[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(12): 1132-1138.

Guoce Cui, Xia Jiao, Shaosheng Bei, Huashan Li. Association between tobacco smoke exposure and risk of constipation in American adults[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(12): 1132-1138.

目的

研究自我报告的吸烟状态及血清中可替宁水平与美国成年人便秘之间的关联,为便秘防治提供科学依据。

方法

数据来自美国疾病控制和预防中心开展的横断面研究,本研究使用了2005年至2010年的全国健康与营养调查数据。使用R和风锐统计软件进行t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、χ2检验。采用三个连续的多变量逻辑回归模型来研究烟草暴露与便秘发生率之间的关系,并采用限制立方样条回归评估血清可替宁水平与便秘风险之间的剂量-反应曲线。亚组分析是根据性别、年龄、体重指数和是否患糖尿病等相关混杂因素进行分层的。

结果

这项横断面研究共纳入11651名参与者。研究对象的平均年龄为(48.8±17.9)岁。多因素回归模型分析结果显示,在控制协变量后,自我报告的吸烟状况与便秘风险无明显相关性,但参照最低血清可替宁水平(<0.05 ng/ml)进行连续和分类分析,血清可替宁水平在0.05~2.99 ng/ml之间参与者便秘的发生率提高36%(模型1:OR=1.45[1.13~1.85];模型2:OR=1.44[1.12~1.83];模型3:OR=1.36[1.06~1.74];P<0.05)。在非吸烟人群中,血清可替宁水平与便秘风险呈线性正相关(P非线性>0.05),在每个亚组中,烟雾暴露与便秘之间的关系都相对稳定。

结论

血清中的可替宁水平对便秘的促进作用发生在非吸烟者身上,因此,尽量避免被动吸烟可减轻烟雾暴露对便秘的影响,并预防和治疗便秘。

Objective

To examine the association between self-reported smoking status and serum levels of cotinine, a nicotine metabolite commonly used as a marker of tobacco exposure, and constipation among US adults to provide a scientific basis for constipation prevention and treatment.

Methods

Data were obtained from cross-sectional studies conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)in the U.S. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2010 were used in this study. The t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and χ2 test were performed using R and Windrush statistical software. Three sequential multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between tobacco exposure and the incidence of constipation, and dose-response curves between serum cotinine levels and the risk of constipation were assessed using restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression.Subgroup analyses were stratified according to relevant confounders such as sex, age, body mass index (BMI),and presence of diabetes.

Results

A total of 11651 participants were included in this cross-sectional study.The mean age of the study participants was 48.8 ± 17.9 years. Multivariate regression analyses showed that self-reported smoking status was not significantly associated with the risk of constipation after controlling for covariates, but continuous and categorical analyses with reference to the lowest serum cotinine level (<0.05 ng/ml) resulted in a 36% higher prevalence of constipation among participants with a serum cotinine level of between 0.05 and 2.99 ng/ml (Model 1: odds ratio [OR]=1.45 [1.13~1.85]; Model 2: OR=1.44 [1.12~1.83];Model 3: OR=1.36 [1.06~1.74]; P<0.05). In the non-smoking population, serum cotinine levels were linearly and positively associated with the risk of constipation (Pnonlinear>0.05), and the relationship between smoke exposure and constipation was relatively stable in each subgroup.

Conclusion

The promotional effect of serum cotinine levels on constipation occurs in non-smokers; therefore, avoiding passive smoking as much as possible may attenuate the effect of smoke exposure on constipation and prevent and treat constipation.

表1 参与者基线特征
变量 总数(n=11651) 可替宁分类,% P 自我报告吸烟状况,% P
<0.05 ng/ml(n=5607) 0.05~2.99 ng/ml(n=2871) ≥ 3 ng/ml(n=3173) 从不吸烟者(n=6187) 曾经吸烟者(n=2914) 现在吸烟者(n=2550)
性别[ 例(%)] <0.001 <0.001
男性 5727(49.2) 2383(42.5) 1438(50.1) 1906(60.1) 2525(40.8) 1750(60.1) 1452(56.9)
女性 5924(50.8) 3224(57.5) 1433(49.9) 1267(39.9) 3662(59.2) 1164(39.9) 1098( 43.1)
年龄(年,xˉ±s) 48.8±17.9 52.1±18.1 47.7±18.4 43.9±15.9 <0.001 47.0±18.1 57.1±17.1 43.6±15.2 <0.001
种族/ 民族[ 例(%)] <0.001 <0.001
非西班牙裔白人 5933(50.9) 2858(51) 1340(46.7) 1735(54.7) 2769(44.8) 1782(61.2) 1382(54.2)
非西班牙裔黑人 2193(18.8) 720(12.8) 731(25.5) 742(23.4) 1234(19.9) 417(14.3) 542(21.3)
墨西哥裔美国人 2083(17.9) 1220(21.8) 482(16.8) 381(12) 1290(20.9) 440(15.1) 353(13.8)
其他种族 1442(12.4) 809(14.4) 318(11.1) 315(9.9) 894(14.4) 275(9.4) 273(10.7)
教育程度[ 年,(%)] <0.001 <0.001
<9 1254(10.8) 650(11.6) 315(11) 289(9.1) 678(11) 326(11.2) 250(9.8)
9~12 4602(39.5) 1681(30) 1220(42.5) 1701(53.6) 2124(34.3) 1074(36.9) 1404(55.1)
>12 5795(49.7) 3276(58.4) 1336(46.5) 1183(37.3) 3385(54.7) 1514(52) 896(35.1)
婚姻状况[ 例(%)] <0.001 <0.001
已婚并与伴侣同居 7238(62.1) 3872(69.1) 1638(57.1) 1728(54.5) 3863(62.4) 1984(68.1) 1391(54.5)
未婚或离异并独居 4413(37.9) 1735(30.9) 1233(42.9) 1445(45.5) 2324(37.6) 930(31.9) 1159(45.5)
体力活动[ 例(%)] 2736(23.5) 1360(24.3) 715(24.9) 661(20.8) <0.001 1693(27.4) 554(19) 489(19.2) <0.001
BMI(kg/m2xˉ±s) 28.8±6.5 28.8±6.2 29.9±7.1 27.9±6.5 <0.001 29.1±6.7 29.3±6.2 27.6±6.4 <0.001
饮食因素
总能量(kcal,xˉ±s) 2113.4±991.5 1989.0±850.3 2103.2±935.3 2342.5±1208.9 <0.001 2032.9±910.9 2084.7±898.4 2341.4±1220.0 <0.001
蛋白质(gm,xˉ±s) 81.0±42.2 78.2±37.9 80.9±40.0 86.3±50.0 <0.001 79.2±40.1 80.7±37.6 85.8±50.8 <0.001
碳水化合物(gm,xˉ±s) 257.5±125.9 247.2±109.5 255.3±119.3 277.7±153.5 <0.001 252.7±116.0 248.3±113.1 279.6±156.6 <0.001
糖(gm) 101.3(63.3,150.5) 97.1(62.5,139.4) 100.6(63.1,151.1) 111.7(66.4,172.3) <0.001 100.8(64.1,147.2) 95.2(60.4,139.3) 112.6(66.1,175.4) <0.001
纤维(gm,xˉ±s) 16.1±9.7 17.6±9.8 15.2±8.8 14.3±9.6 <0.001 16.4±9.5 16.9±9.6 14.3±9.8 <0.001
咖啡因(mg) 101.0(15.0,223.0) 90.0(10.0,201.0) 87.0(10.0, 199.0) 149.0(44.0, 313.0) <0.001 73.0(6.0,168.0) 134.0(39.0, 251.0) 166.0(56.0, 344.8) <0.001
酒精(gm) 0(0,0.2) 0(0) 0(0) 0.0(0,21.2) <0.001 0(0) 0.0(0,11.4) 0.0(0,19.4) <0.001
脂肪(gm) 70.4(47.1,101.1) 67.5(44.9, 95.7) 71.1(47.8, 102.4) 76.5(51.3, 110.5) <0.001 67.9(45.2,96.6) 72.8(48.9, 102.2) 75.6(51.0,110.5) <0.001
水(gm,xˉ±s) 2881.9±1452.3 2737.2±1289.8 2781.6±1369.3 3228.5±1715.5 <0.001 2733.6±1342.5 2864.2±1364.6 3262.2±1714.3 <0.001
膳食补充剂[ 例(%)] 5740(49.3) 3311(59.1) 1336(46.5) 1093(34.4) <0.001 3009(48.6) 1200(41.2) 1702(66.7) <0.001
糖尿病[ 例(%)] 1208(10.4) 628(11.2) 320(11.1) 260(8.2) <0.001 605(9.8) 416(14.3) 187(7.3) <0.001
冠心病[ 例(%)] 462(4.0) 234(4.2) 110(3.8) 118(3.7) 0.528 163(2.6) 220(7.5) 79(3.1) <0.001
中风[ 例(%)] 373(3.2) 182(3.2) 92(3.2) 99(3.1) 0.949 139(2.2) 149(5.1) 85(3.3) <0.001
便秘[ 例(%)] 440(3.8) 162(2.9) 138(4.8) 140(4.4) <0.001 230(3.7) 88(3) 122(4.8) 0.003
表2 血清可替宁水平、吸烟状况与便秘的关系
表3 PSM后被动吸烟者血清可替宁水平与便秘的关系
图1 <3 ng/ml参与者与便秘发生率的线性关系
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