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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (01) : 33 -40. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2025.01.006

临床研究

营养评估在预测老年食管癌患者放疗及同步放化疗急性不良事件中的作用
李子木1, 蒋祥德1, 王强强1, 施朕善1,()   
  1. 1. 236800 安徽亳州,亳州市人民医院肿瘤科二病区
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-06 出版日期:2025-01-15
  • 通信作者: 施朕善
  • 基金资助:
    2023年度安徽省科研编制计划项目(2023AH050661)

Role of nutritional assessment in predicting acute toxicities in elderly esophageal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy

Zimu Li1, Xiangde Jiang1, Qiangqiang Wang1, Zhenshan Shi1,()   

  1. 1. Oncology Ward 2, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou 236800, China
  • Received:2024-10-06 Published:2025-01-15
  • Corresponding author: Zhenshan Shi
引用本文:

李子木, 蒋祥德, 王强强, 施朕善. 营养评估在预测老年食管癌患者放疗及同步放化疗急性不良事件中的作用[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(01): 33-40.

Zimu Li, Xiangde Jiang, Qiangqiang Wang, Zhenshan Shi. Role of nutritional assessment in predicting acute toxicities in elderly esophageal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(01): 33-40.

目的

探讨营养因素在预测老年食管癌患者放疗及同步放化疗期间急性不良反应的影响。

方法

纳入本研究的是2017~2024年间在亳州市人民医院接受放疗的101位食管癌患者。通过观察患者治疗前的营养指标[体重指数(BMI)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、有无贫血(Hb)、营养风险指数(NRI)、营养风险筛查评估表(NRS2002)、淋巴细胞计数(TLC)]对食管癌放疗及同步放化疗急性不良反应的影响。采用卡方检验行单变量分析,采用Logistic回归分析行多变量分析。

结果

在所有患者中,以不同的营养指标评价患者,其营养不良发生率在8%~56%。所有患者中,血液学急性不良反应0~2级发生率为83.2%,3~4级血液学急性不良反应发生率为16.8%;非血液学急性不良反应0~2级发生率为86.1%,3~4级血液学急性不良反应发生率为13.9%。多因素分析中可以发现,Hb及TLC是急性血液学不良反应的独立影响因素(P=0.013,P=0.020);ALB是急性非血液学不良反应的独立影响因素(P=0.029)。而NRS2002、BMI与老年食管癌患者放疗及同步放化疗急性不良反应无关。

结论

老年食管癌患者营养相关指标和放化疗不良反应有一定相关性,在临床工作中对营养相关指标积极支持治疗有望改善放化疗相关不良反应。

Objective

To examine the influence of nutritional factors on the prediction of acute toxicities in elderly patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Methods

A cohort of 101 esophageal cancer patients who received radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy at Bozhou People's Hospital between 2017 and 2024 was included in this investigation. The impact of pre-treatment nutritional indicators, including body mass index (BMI), albumin(ALB), prealbumin (PA), hemoglobin (Hb), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS2002), and total lymphocyte count (TLC), on acute toxicities during radiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy was investigated. Univariate analysis was performed utilizing the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression.

Results

In this patient cohort, the prevalence of malnutrition, as determined by various nutritional indicators, ranged from 8% to 56%. The incidence rates of hematologic acute toxicities were 83.2% for grades 0~2 and 16.8% for grades 3~4. Similarly, the incidence rates of non-hematologic acute toxicities were 86.1% for grades 0~2 and 13.9% for grades 3~4.Multivariate analysis identified Hb and TLC as independent predictors of hematologic acute toxicities(P=0.013 and P=0.020, respectively). Furthermore, ALB was identified as an independent predictor of nonhematologic acute toxicities (P=0.029). In contrast, neither the NRS2002 nor BMI demonstrated a significant association with acute toxicities in elderly esophageal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that nutritional indicators in this patient population are significantly correlated with chemoradiotherapy-related toxicities. Therefore, proactive nutritional support and management in clinical practice may potentially mitigate the adverse effects associated with chemoradiotherapy.

表1 101例患者的基线特征
表2 患者营养状态相关指标
表3 101例患者急性不良反应发生情况
表4 101例食管癌患者不同营养状况急性血液学不良反应的发生情况及单因素分析
表5 不同营养状况急性血液学不良反应的发生情况的Logistic回归分析
表6 101例食管癌患者不同营养状况急性非血液学不良反应的发生情况及单因素分析
表7 不同营养状况急性非血液学不良反应的发生情况的Logistic回归分析
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