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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (01) : 68 -74. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2025.01.010

综述

房颤在不明原因栓塞性卒中的研究进展
柴鑫茹1, 王雅皙1, 张敏洁1, 施依璐1, 段莎莎1, 李旭晖1, 张小杉1,()   
  1. 1. 010050 呼和浩特,内蒙古医科大学附属医院超声科
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-18 出版日期:2025-01-15
  • 通信作者: 张小杉
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFSH0084)内蒙古医科大学附属医院青年骨干项目(2022NYFYFG007)内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技人才发展计划项目(NJYT22021)

Progress in research of atrial fibrillation in unexplained embolic stroke

Xinru Chai1, Yaxi Wang1, Minjie Zhang1, Yilu Shi1, Shasha Duan1, Xuhui Li1, Xiaoshan Zhang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
  • Received:2024-12-18 Published:2025-01-15
  • Corresponding author: Xiaoshan Zhang
引用本文:

柴鑫茹, 王雅皙, 张敏洁, 施依璐, 段莎莎, 李旭晖, 张小杉. 房颤在不明原因栓塞性卒中的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(01): 68-74.

Xinru Chai, Yaxi Wang, Minjie Zhang, Yilu Shi, Shasha Duan, Xuhui Li, Xiaoshan Zhang. Progress in research of atrial fibrillation in unexplained embolic stroke[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(01): 68-74.

心房颤动,简称房颤(AF)是成人最常见的心律失常之一。不明原因栓塞性卒中(ESUS)是指进行了相关的病因检查后,仍未发现明确致病原因的缺血性卒中。在诊断ESUS的过程中,排除房颤是极其重要的一步。但是目前的指南中对于ESUS患者排除房颤时应用的监测设备、监测时长、各种房颤的预测因素以及不同房颤风险人群的个性化监测没有明确的说明,本文就排除房颤在ESUS患者中的重要性以及诊断ESUS前对于排除房颤的最佳监测设备及最佳监测时长、房颤的预测因素、不同房颤风险人群的个性化监测进行综述。

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias in adults. Unexplained embolic stroke (ESUS) is defined as an ischemic stroke in which no clear cause has been identified despite recommended etiological testing. Ruling out atrial fibrillation is an extremely important step in the diagnosis of ESUS. However, there is no clear description in the current guidelines for the monitoring equipment used to rule out atrial fibrillation, the duration of monitoring, the various predictors of atrial fibrillation, and the personalized monitoring of different atrial fibrillation risk groups.

表1 11种风险评分的分数范围以及阈值
表2 11种风险评分的基本特征
项目 组成变量 AF 定义 AF监测方式 随访时间
ACTEL 年龄;高脂血症;LA 大小;三尖瓣反流;左心室舒张末期容积 任何AF ≥5 d 的连续心电图监测
AF-ESUS 年龄;高血压;左心室肥厚;左心房直径;LVEF;任何室上性期前收缩:皮质下梗死:非狭窄性颈动脉斑块 任何AF 在随访期间进行的任何心电图检查 >12 月
Brown ESUS-AF 年龄;中、重度左房增大 AF>30 s 24 h 连续监测,30 d 心脏监测仪,ICM 36 月
Decryptoring score 年龄;高血压;肌钙蛋白水平;NT-proBNP水平;左房应变储存器;左房应变管道期 AF>30 s 持续心电图监测≥48 h 和动态心电图监测15 d 15 d
E2AF NIHSS;高血压;年龄;冠状动脉/ 外周动脉疾病史;LA扩大;后部病变;皮质或皮质-皮质下病变 任何AF 使用非植入式外部事件记录器进行心电图监测2 周 90 d
Graz AF 年龄;既往皮质/ 小脑梗死;LVEF;LA 扩大;室上性早搏(基线心电图);心房试验;NT-proBNP 水平;抗血小板或多区脑梗死复发性卒中 AF ≥ 30 s 脉搏控制、住院持续节律监测、由患者症状和/ 或临床怀疑引起的心电图监测、ICM >12 月
HAVOC 年龄;冠状动脉疾病;瓣膜性心脏病;高血压;外周动脉疾病;肥胖;充血性心力衰竭 任何AF >5 年
NDAF 年龄;冠状动脉疾病;既往卒中;LA 大小 AF≥30 s 由门诊就诊时的评估引起的动态心电图监测,在6 个月、12 个月和每年的门诊随访时的标准心电图 >2 年
PROACTIA 心房早搏;P 波形态;LA 容积指数;P 波持续时间 AF ≥30 s ICM 833(633~1028)d
SAFE 年龄;COPD 或OSA; 甲状腺疾病;NTproBNP水平;LA 扩大;卒中的皮质图;颅内大血管闭塞 AF ≥30 s 住院遥测监测,28 d 动态心电图监测,常规访问 12 月
STAF 年龄;NIHSS;LA 扩张;无血管原因 任何AF 12 导联心电图,24 h 连续监测,前3 个月的动态心电图监测 3 月
表3 11种风险评分的效能评估
表4 卒中患者的个性化房颤监测方法
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