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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (04) : 284 -291. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2025.04.007

临床研究

脊髓型颈椎病患者术前心理状态对颈前入路术后疗效的影响
王春增1, 拾坤1, 薛有地1, 伦智法1, 岳璇2,(), 马超1, 刘光旺1   
  1. 1221009 江苏徐州,徐州市中心医院脊柱外科
    2221000 江苏徐州,徐州市儿童医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-04 出版日期:2025-04-15
  • 通信作者: 岳璇
  • 基金资助:
    徐州市引进临床专家团队项目(2019TD002)

Effect of preoperative psychological state on postoperative outcomes of anterior cervical surgery in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Chunzeng Wang1, Kun Shi1, Youdi Xue1, Zhifa Lun1, Xuan Yue2,(), Chao Ma1, Guangwang Liu1   

  1. 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
    2Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, China
  • Received:2025-04-04 Published:2025-04-15
  • Corresponding author: Xuan Yue
引用本文:

王春增, 拾坤, 薛有地, 伦智法, 岳璇, 马超, 刘光旺. 脊髓型颈椎病患者术前心理状态对颈前入路术后疗效的影响[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(04): 284-291.

Chunzeng Wang, Kun Shi, Youdi Xue, Zhifa Lun, Xuan Yue, Chao Ma, Guangwang Liu. Effect of preoperative psychological state on postoperative outcomes of anterior cervical surgery in cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(04): 284-291.

目的

探讨采用颈椎前入路手术治疗的脊髓型颈椎病患者术前心理状态对术后临床疗效的影响。

方法

回顾性分析2019年7月~2022年5月在徐州市中心医院行颈椎前路手术治疗的158例脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床资料,其中男86例,女72例,年龄(33~84)岁,平均(57.59±11.64)岁。根据患者术前生活质量评分简明版SF-12的心理状态评分分为心理困扰组和无心理困扰组。比较2组患者年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、术前住院时间等一般资料;比较2组术前、末次随访时患者日本骨科学会评分、颈椎功能障碍指数评分、视觉模拟评分法评分及心理状态评分等临床相关评分和患者满意度;比较2组患者的术前及末次随访矢状面参数及融合率;采用Logistics分析心理困扰组影响其末次随访心理状态评分改善的因素。

结果

158例患者均获得随访,随访时间平均(27.22±1.85)月。49例(31%)患者术前存在心理困扰,心理困扰组患者术前住院时间、住院时间均较无心理困扰组时间长,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.001);心理困扰组术前颈椎功能障碍指数评分、PCS评分、心理状态评分及末次随访心理状态评分与无心理困扰组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),2组间日本骨科学会评分改善率、视觉模拟评分改善率、颈椎功能障碍指数改善率、术前及末次随访矢状面参数及融合率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。心理困扰组患者末次随访日本骨科学会评分、视觉模拟评分及颈椎功能障碍指数评分与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。心理困扰组术后25例患者末次随访心理状态评分≥50,末次随访心理状态评分改善与无心理困扰组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。心理困扰组患者术后满意率为81.6%,无心理困扰组为89.9%,2组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.09,P=0.148);Logistics分析结果显示:年龄、BMI、手术方式对末次心理状态评分无显著影响(P>0.05),术前心理状态评分、随访时间与女性患者与末次随访心理状态评分相关(r=0.78、0.15、-2.45,P=0.001、0.032、0.048)。

结论

脊髓型颈椎病患者的心理困扰情况发生率较高。前路手术可显著改善患者的疾病相关评分和生活质量评分。术前心理状态评分基线低、随访时间较短的存在心理困扰的女性患者是术后心理状态评分改善不佳的重要影响因素,但术前存在心理困扰的患者不影响术后神经功能改善情况及术后满意度。

Objective

To explore the impact of preoperative psychological state on postoperative clinical outcomes in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated by anterior cervical surgery.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 158 patients diagnosed with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent anterior cervical surgery at Xuzhou Central Hospital from July 2019 to May 2022. The cohort comprised 86 males and 72 females, with ages ranging from 33 to 84 years and an average age of (57.59±11.64) years. Based on the preoperative mental state quality of life score (SF-12 MCS), the patients were divided into a psychological distress group and a non-psychological distress group. The general data such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and preoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Additionally, clinical scores such as the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, neck disability index (NDI) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, MCS score, and patient satisfaction were evaluated both prior to the operation and at the final follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing the improvement of psychological state scores at the last follow-up in the psychological distress group. The postoperative satisfaction rate among patients experiencing psychological distress was 81.6%, compared to 89.9% in those without psychological distress. However, the comparison between the two groups revealed no statistically significant difference (χ2=2.09, P=0.148).

Results

All patients were followed, with an average follow-up duration of (27.22±1.85) months. Forty-nine patients (31%) experienced psychological distress prior to surgery. The preoperative hospital stay and overall length of stay for the psychological distress group were significantly longer than those of the non-psychological distress group (P<0.001). Preoperative NDI, PCS, and MCS scores, as well as MCS scores at the last follow-up differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in the improvement rates of JOA, VAS, and NDI scores between the 2 groups. In patients with psychological distress, JOA, VAS, and NDI scores at the last follow-up showed statistically significant differences compared to preoperative scores (P<0.001). Twenty-five patients in the psychological distress group had a last follow-up SF-12 MCS score of ≥50, and the improvement in SF-12 MCS scores at the last follow-up compared to the group without psychological distress was statistically significant (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI, and surgical method had no significantly significant effect on last follow-up MCS scores (P>0.05). In contrast, preoperative psychological state, MCS scores, follow-up duration, and female gender were found to be correlated with last follow-up MCS scores (r=0.78, 0.15, and -2.45; P=0.001, 0.032, and 0.048, respectively).

Conclusion

The incidence of psychological distress among patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy is relatively high. Anterior surgical intervention can lead to significant improvements in both disease-related scores and quality of life scores for these patients. Female gender, low baseline preoperative MCS score, and short follow-up time are important influencing factors for poor postoperative MCS score improvement in patients with psychological distress. However, it is noteworthy that preoperative psychological distress does not impact the enhancement of neurological function or overall postoperative satisfaction.

表1 2组患者一般资料比较
表2 2组患者临床资料比较
图1 患者,男性,51岁,因C4-6脊髓型颈椎病行ACCF治疗。图a为术前颈椎侧位片提示:颈椎曲度变直,C2-7cobb角:21°(α),C2-7 SVA:10 mm(d);图b为颈椎MRI显示C4-5椎间盘突出,硬膜存在前方及后方黄韧带压迫(白箭)明显,C5椎体下终板及C6椎体上终板存在严重终板炎;图c~d为术后1周及末次随访时颈椎侧位片显示:颈椎曲度改善,C2-7 cobb角分别为15°和9°,C2-7 SVA为8 mm和12 mm
图2 患者,女性,49岁,因C4-6脊髓型颈椎病行ACDF治疗。图a为术前颈椎侧位片提示:颈椎曲度变直,C2-7 cobb角:11°(α),C2-7 SVA:14 mm(d);图b为颈椎MRI显示C4-6椎间盘突出,硬膜压迫明显(白箭);图c~d为术后1周及末次随访时颈椎侧位片显示:颈椎曲度改善,C2-7 cobb角分别为18°和16°,C2-7 SVA为8 mm和15 mm
表3 2组患者影像学资料比较
表4 心理困扰组末次随访MCS评分≥50分患者的单因素及多因素回归分析
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