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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (06) : 426 -432. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2025.06.005

临床研究

抽动障碍儿童呼吸道感染后的临床特征及抽动症状加重的危险因素分析
姜彤彤, 戎萍(), 马融, 付乾芳, 张亚同, 赵书艺, 刘晖, 马榕, 李悦, 李瑞本   
  1. 300381 天津,天津中医药大学第一附属医院儿科 国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-04 出版日期:2025-06-30
  • 通信作者: 戎萍
  • 基金资助:
    重大疑难疾病中西医临床协作项目(抽动障碍)(国中医药综结合发[2024]3号); 天津市南开区中医药传承创新发展示范试点项目:中医药治疗儿童抽动障碍临床及诊疗指南制定研究(20240204017); 青年岐黄学者培养项目(国中医药人教函[2021]204号)

Clinical characteristics of children with tic disorder complicated by respiratory tract infections and risk factors for tic symptom aggravation

Tongtong Jiang, Ping Rong(), Rong Ma, Qianfang Fu, Yatong Zhang, Shuyi Zhao, Hui Liu, Rong Ma, Yue LI, Ruiben Li   

  1. First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
  • Received:2025-06-04 Published:2025-06-30
  • Corresponding author: Ping Rong
引用本文:

姜彤彤, 戎萍, 马融, 付乾芳, 张亚同, 赵书艺, 刘晖, 马榕, 李悦, 李瑞本. 抽动障碍儿童呼吸道感染后的临床特征及抽动症状加重的危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(06): 426-432.

Tongtong Jiang, Ping Rong, Rong Ma, Qianfang Fu, Yatong Zhang, Shuyi Zhao, Hui Liu, Rong Ma, Yue LI, Ruiben Li. Clinical characteristics of children with tic disorder complicated by respiratory tract infections and risk factors for tic symptom aggravation[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(06): 426-432.

目的

探讨抽动障碍儿童呼吸道感染后的临床特点,分析呼吸道感染后患儿抽动症状加重的危险因素,为临床治疗提供参考和帮助。

方法

选取2014年12月~2024年9月就诊于天津中医药大学第一附属医院儿科门诊的抽动障碍合并呼吸道感染的儿童153例,回顾性整理其病例资料,以抽动症状是否加重分为2组,比较2组间的临床特征的统计学差异,采用单因素分析探讨抽动症状加重的危险因素。

结果

153例TD儿童呼吸道感染以发热、咳嗽、咳痰为主要临床表现,呼吸道感染后抽动症状加重94例(61.44%),未加重59例(38.56%),以头面部抽动症状加重为主,其次为发声,四肢躯干症状加重占比最少;单因素分析显示,呼吸道感染后抽动症状加重与性别、过敏性疾病史、感染前有无发声性抽动、感染前1次处方中有无银翘散相关。在多因素logistic回归分析结果提示该模型未能识别出显著的独立危险因素。

结论

呼吸道感染后多数患儿的抽动症状较感染前加重;男性、过敏性疾病史、感染前有发声性抽动、感染前一次处方中无银翘散是呼吸道感染后抽动症状加重的危险因素,临床上在呼吸道感染高发季节,针对上述抽动患儿,可预防性地在中药处方中使用银翘散加减,以减少抽动症状加重。

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with tic disorder (TD) complicated by respiratory tract infection and identify the risk factors for tic symptom aggravation, in order to provide reference and help for clinical treatment of this condition.

Methods

A total of 153 children with tic disorder complicated by respiratory tract infection, who were treated in the pediatric tic specialist clinic of the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2014 to September 2024, were retrospectively selected. They were divided into two groups according to whether the tic symptoms were aggravated. The clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared, and the risk factors for tic symptom aggravation were identified by univariate analysis.

Results

The main manifestations of respiratory tract infection in the 153 children with tic disorder were fever, cough, and expectoration. After respiratory tract infection, tic symptoms were aggravated in 94 cases (61.44%) and were not in 59 (38.56%). Head and face tic symptoms were most commonly aggravated, followed by vocal symptoms, and the symptoms of limbs and trunk were the least aggravated. Univariate analysis showed that the aggravation of tic symptoms after respiratory tract infection was related to gender, history of allergic diseases, whether there is vocal tic before infection, and whether there is Yinqiaosan in the prescription before infection. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that the model failed to identify significant independent risk factors.

Conclusion

Male gender, history of allergic disease, vocal tic before infection, and no use of Yinqiaosan powder in the prescription before infection are risk factors for aggravation of tic symptoms after respiratory tract infection. In seasons with a high incidence of respiratory tract infection, Yinqiaosan powder can be prophylactically used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions to reduce the aggravation of tic symptoms.

表1 153例抽动障碍儿童的一般资料汇总表[例(%)]
表2 常见抽动症状(出现频数≥10)分布情况[例(%)]
图1 抽动障碍儿童呼吸道感染相关症状分布图
表3 抽动障碍儿童呼吸道感染后加重症状的频次分布情况[例(%)]
表4 2组临床特征及抽动症状加重的危险因素单因素分析[例(%)]
表5 2组临床特征及抽动症状加重的危险因素单因素分析[MQ1Q3)]
表6 抽动症状加重的危险因素多因素Logistic回归分析结果
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