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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (08) : 567 -573. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2025.08.002

临床研究

超声引导下两步法末段无针芯穿刺术在经皮肾镜取石术中的应用
颜尧1, 肖旭1, 田飞1, 陈升1, 王强东1,(), 王苏贵2,()   
  1. 1 223300 江苏 淮安,扬州大学附属淮安医院(淮安市第五人民医院)泌尿外科
    2 223002 江苏 淮安,徐州医科大学附属淮安医院泌尿外科
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-22 出版日期:2025-08-30
  • 通信作者: 王强东, 王苏贵
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省第十六批“六大人才高峰”项目资助(2019-WSW-218)

Application of ultrasound-guided two-step terminal needle-free puncture in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for patients with upper urinary tract stones presenting with no or minimal hydronephrosis

Yao Yan1, Xu Xiao1, Fei Tian1, Sheng Chen1, Qiangdong Wang1,(), Sugui Wang2,()   

  1. 1 Department of Urology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University (The fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an), Huai'an 223300, China
    2 Department of Urology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223002, China
  • Received:2025-07-22 Published:2025-08-30
  • Corresponding author: Qiangdong Wang, Sugui Wang
引用本文:

颜尧, 肖旭, 田飞, 陈升, 王强东, 王苏贵. 超声引导下两步法末段无针芯穿刺术在经皮肾镜取石术中的应用[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(08): 567-573.

Yao Yan, Xu Xiao, Fei Tian, Sheng Chen, Qiangdong Wang, Sugui Wang. Application of ultrasound-guided two-step terminal needle-free puncture in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for patients with upper urinary tract stones presenting with no or minimal hydronephrosis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(08): 567-573.

目的

探讨超声引导下两步法末段无针芯穿刺术在无积水或微积水经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗上尿路结石的临床效果及应用价值。

方法

选取2022年3月~2024年12月在扬州大学附属淮安医院因上尿路结石行经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)的患者,将大量肾积水(肾盏积水≥2.5 cm)的51例患者随机分为观察组及对照组,无积水或微积水(肾盏积水<1 cm)的50例患者分为观察组及对照组,观察组均采用超声引导下两步法末段无针芯穿刺术进行穿刺,对照组均采用超声引导下传统一步法穿刺术进行穿刺,分别分析比较2组穿刺耗时(开始穿刺至针鞘出水)、穿刺总次数、1次穿刺成功率、皮肾通道扩张成功率、失血量(以血红蛋白丢失量作为衡量标准)、术后即刻血红蛋白减少值、术后并发症、清石率等指标。

结果

对于上尿路结石行PCNL治疗中,将超声引导下两步法末段无针芯穿刺术与传统一步法穿刺术在穿刺耗时(开始穿刺至针鞘出水)、穿刺总次数、1次穿刺成功率、皮肾通道扩张成功率、失血量(以血红蛋白丢失量作为衡量标准)、术后即刻血红蛋白减少值、术后并发症、清石率等方面进行对比发现,对于大量肾积水病例,2组差异无统计学意义,但在无积水或微积水的病例中,超声引导下两步法末段无针芯穿刺术在不影响清石率的同时,穿刺耗时更短、穿刺总次数更少、1次穿刺成功率更高、皮肾通道扩张成功率更高、术中出血量更少术后即刻血红蛋白减少更少,术后并发症更少,差异具有统计学意义。

结论

超声引导下两步法末段无针芯穿刺术安全、可行,操作简单,缩短经皮肾穿刺术的学习曲线,有较高推广应用价值,尤其适用于无积水或微积水的PCNL。

Objective

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and application value of ultrasound-guided two-step terminal needle-free puncture in the treatment of upper urinary tract stones with percutaneous nephropathy (PCNL) for patients with upper urinary tract stones presenting with no or minimal hydronephrosis.

Methods

Fifty-one patients with a large amount of hydronephrosis (renal pelvis hydronephrosis≥2.5 cm) who underwent percutaneous nephropathy (PCNL) for upper urinary tract stones at Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University from March 2022 to December 2024 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. Fifty patients with no or minimal hydronephrosis (renal pelvis hydronephrosis<1 cm) were also divided into an observation group and a control group. The observation groups underwent ultrasound-guided two-step terminal needle-free puncture, while the control groups underwent ultrasound-guided traditional one-step puncture. The following parameters were analyzed and compared between the 2 groups: puncture time (from skin puncture to effluent from the needle sheath), total number of punctures, one-puncture success rate, tract dilation success rate, blood loss (quantified by hemoglobin reduction), immediate postoperative hemoglobin reduction, postoperative complications, stone clearance rate, and other indicators.

Results

In the management of upper urinary tract stones by PCNL, we compared ultrasound-guided two-step terminal needle-free puncture and traditional one-step puncture. The evaluated metrics included puncture duration (from skin puncture to effluent from the needle sheath), total number of punctures, one-puncture success rate, tract dilation success rate, blood loss (quantified by hemoglobin reduction), immediate postoperative hemoglobin reduction, postoperative complications, and stone clearance rate. It was found that in cases with significant hydronephrosis, there were no statistical differences in these parameters between the two groups. However, in cases without hydronephrosis or with minimal hydronephrosis, the ultrasound-guided two-step terminal needle-free puncture group demonstrated significantly shorter puncture duration, fewer punctures, higher one-puncture success rate, higher tract dilation success rate, less inoperative blood loss, less immediate postoperative hemoglobin reduction, and less postoperative complications.

Conclusion

Ultrasound-guided two-step terminal needle-free puncture is safe, feasible, and simple to operate, shortening the learning curve of PCNL. These findings support the clinical adoption of this technique, particularly for PCNL in cases without hydronephrosis or with minimal hydronephrosis.

表1 大量肾积水病例实验组与对照组一般资料
表2 无积水或微积水病例实验组与对照组一般资料
图1 超声引导下两步法末段无针芯穿刺术中截图。图a为穿刺针接近目标肾盏黏膜处拔出针芯;图b为针鞘继续向前推进至目标肾盏内;图c为尿液流出
表3 大量肾积水病例实验组及对照组穿刺结果对比
表4 无积水或微积水病例实验组及对照组穿刺结果对比
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