本文围绕《国际疾病分类第十一次修订版（ICD-11）精神、行为和神经发育障碍的临床描述与诊断要求》（ICD-11 CDDR），探讨其在儿童青少年心境障碍诊断与评估中的临床应用价值。文章系统分析了ICD-11 CDDR在分类框架、抑郁障碍界定、双相障碍诊断标准、破坏性情绪失调障碍（DMDD）引入等方面的关键更新，强调了从二分法向谱系视角的转变、发育阶段特殊性的重视以及诊断标准的审慎收紧。同时，本文提出了一套结构化的临床评估与诊断流程，旨在帮助临床医师提升诊断准确性，避免误诊与漏诊，并为中国语境下的ICD-11 CDDR实施提出培训、研究与临床整合方面的建议。

This article examines the clinical application of the ICD-11 Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Requirements (CDDR) for Mental, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in the diagnosis and assessment of mood disorders in children and adolescents. It systematically reviews key updates in the ICD-11 CDDR, including shifts in classification from a categorical to a spectrum-based approach, refined diagnostic criteria for depressive and bipolar disorders, and the introduction of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD). Emphasis is placed on the importance of adopting a developmental perspectives, clarifying symptom definitions, and differentiating between chronic irritability and episodic mood episodes. A structured clinical assessment and diagnostic workflow is proposed to enhance diagnostic accuracy and support targeted interventions. The article concludes with recommendations for training, localized research, and clinical integration to facilitate the effective implementation of ICD-11 CDDR in China.