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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (01) : 49 -57. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2026.01.008

临床研究

血细胞与扁桃体和腺样体相关慢性疾病因果关系的孟德尔随机化分析
程华中1, 吴沭城1, 岳苏苏1, 管丽1, 戴俊2, 袁芳3, 宗原2, 李硕2, 怀德2,(), 王海旭2,()   
  1. 1 223600 江苏宿迁,江苏省沭阳县中医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科
    2 223022 江苏淮安,徐州医科大学附属淮安医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科
    3 223302 江苏淮安,南京中医药大学附属淮安中医院中心实验室
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-23 出版日期:2026-01-30
  • 通信作者: 怀德, 王海旭
  • 基金资助:
    淮安市基础研究计划(联合专项)卫生健康类项目(HABL2023078); 2023年淮安市科技创新能力建设计划(淮安市睡眠呼吸障碍疾病重点实验室)(HAP202304)

Mendelian randomization analysis of causality between blood cells and tonsil and adenoid associated chronic diseases

Huazhong Cheng1, Shucheng Wu1, Susu Yue1, Li Guan1, Jun Dai2, Fang Yuan3, Yuan Zong2, Shuo Li2, De Huai2,(), Haixu Wang2,()   

  1. 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suqian 223600, China
    2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223022, China
    3 Department of Central Laboratory, Huai'an TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Huai'an 223302, China
  • Received:2025-10-23 Published:2026-01-30
  • Corresponding author: De Huai, Haixu Wang
引用本文:

程华中, 吴沭城, 岳苏苏, 管丽, 戴俊, 袁芳, 宗原, 李硕, 怀德, 王海旭. 血细胞与扁桃体和腺样体相关慢性疾病因果关系的孟德尔随机化分析[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(01): 49-57.

Huazhong Cheng, Shucheng Wu, Susu Yue, Li Guan, Jun Dai, Fang Yuan, Yuan Zong, Shuo Li, De Huai, Haixu Wang. Mendelian randomization analysis of causality between blood cells and tonsil and adenoid associated chronic diseases[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(01): 49-57.

目的

探究血细胞与扁桃体和腺样体相关慢性疾病(CDTA)的双向因果关系。

方法

收集2024年1月至2025年1月就诊于淮安市第二人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科的CDTA患者外周血标本80例,并收集健康对照组40例,纳入样本年龄范围为5至18岁,比较外周血血细胞数量差异。基于两样本孟德尔随机化,利用“TwoSampleMR”R包,综合运用逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归及加权中位数三种估计方法,对91种血细胞表型与CDTA的全基因组关联研究汇总数据开展双向因果关联分析。采用 Cochran's Q 统计进行异质性检验。采用MR-Egger截距进行水平多效性检验。采用留一法分析评价单个SNP对IVW分析结果的影响,采用漏斗图评估强相关SNP的潜在偏倚。

结果

外周血中性粒细胞数量表达存在差异。正向MR分析显示中性粒细胞扰动反应(wdf Colchicine 20 h NE4 SD SF)(OR=0.970,95%CI:0.947~0.993,P=0.011)、红细胞扰动反应(ret Rotenone 6 h overnight RBC SD FSC)(OR=0.969,95%CI:0.940~0.999,P=0.045),白细胞扰动反应(pltf Baseline WBC1 Med SSC)(OR=1.026,95%CI:1.003~1.050,P=0.025)对CDTA的发生具有因果关联。反向MR分析显示CDTA对单核细胞扰动反应(wdf TMAO 3.5 h MO2 Med SSC)(OR=2.048,95%CI:1.044~4.020,P=0.037)、中性粒细胞扰动反应(wdf Pam3CSK4 19 h NE4 CV FSC)(OR=1.402,95%CI:1.034~1.902,P=0.030)、红细胞扰动反应(ret DMSO 4.5 h RBC1 SD FSC)(OR=0.261,95%CI:0.083~0.819,P=0.021)、网织红细胞扰动反应(ret Ciprofloxacin 22 h RET1 Med SSC)(OR=0.713,95%CI:0.538~0.943,P=0.018)反应具有因果关联。敏感性分析显示该结果不具有异质性和多效性。

结论

血细胞与CDTA之间存在双向因果关系,该结果可为CDTA疾病临床预防、诊断和治疗提供依据。

Objective

To explore the bidirectional causal relationship between blood cells and chronic diseases of the tonsil and adenoid (CDTA).

Methods

Eighty peripheral blood specimens were collected from patients with CDTA who were treated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of Huai'an Second People's Hospital between January 2024 and January 2025. Meanwhile, 40 blood samples were collected from healthy controls. The age range of the included samples was 5 to 18 years old. The differences in the quantity of peripheral blood cells were compared. Based on two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), using the "TwoSampleMR" R package, and comprehensively employing three estimation methods including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and weighted median, bidirectional causal association analysis was conducted on genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for 91 blood cell traits and CDTA. Heterogeneity was tested by Cochran's Q statistics. The MR-Egger intercept was used for horizontal pleiotropy test. The influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on IVW results was evaluated by the leave-one-out analysis, and the potential bias of strongly correlated SNPs was evaluated by funnel plot.

Results

A difference was observed in the count of peripheral blood neutrophils. Forward MR analysis showed that neutrophil perturbation response (wdf Colchicine 20 h NE4 SD SF) (odds ratio [OR]=0.970, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.947~0.993, P=0.011), red blood cell perturbation response (ret Rotenone 6h overnight RBC SD FSC) (OR=0.969, 95%CI: 0.940~0.999, P=0.045), and white blood cell perturbation response (pltf Baseline WBC1 Med SSC) (OR=1.026, 95%CI: 1.003~1.050, P=0.025) had a causal association with the occurrence of CDTA. Reverse MR analysis showed that CDTA had a causal association with monocyte perturbation response (wdf TMAO 3.5 h MO2 Med SSC) (OR=2.048, 95%CI: 1.044~4.020, P=0.037), neutrophil perturbation response (wdf Pam3CSK4 19 h NE4 CV FSC) (OR=1.402, 95%CI: 1.034~1.902, P=0.030), red blood cell perturbation response (ret DMSO 4.5 h RBC1 SD FSC) (OR=0.261, 95%CI: 0.083~0.819, P=0.021), and reticulocyte perturbation response (ret Ciprofloxacin 22 h RET1 Med SSC) (OR=0.713, 95%CI: 0.538~0.943, P=0.018). Sensitivity analysis showed no heterogeneity or pleiotropy.

Conclusion

There is a bidirectional causal relationship between blood cells and CDTA. The results of this study provide a basis for clinical prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CDTA.

图1 CDTA患者与健康人群各类血细胞数量差异。图a为中性粒细胞;图b为嗜酸性粒细胞;图c为嗜碱性粒细胞;图d为淋巴细胞;图e为红细胞;图f为单核细胞;图g为白细胞 注:*代表有统计学意义
表1 正向MR分析结果
表2 正向MR敏感性分析
图2 3种血细胞表型与CDTA因果关系的留一法分析。图a为中性粒细胞细胞扰动反应;图b为红细胞扰动反应;图c为白细胞扰动反应
图3 3种血细胞表型与CDTA为结局变量的强相关SNP的漏斗图。图a为中性粒细胞细胞扰动反应(wdf Colchicine 20h NE4 SD SF);图b为红细胞扰动反应(ret Rotenone 6h overnight RBC SD FSC);图c为白细胞扰动反应(pltf Baseline WBC1 Med SSC)
表3 反向MR分析结果
表4 反向MR敏感性分析
图4 CDTA和4种血细胞表型因果关系的留一法分析。图a为单核细胞扰动反应(wdf TMAO 3.5 h MO2 Med SSC);图b为中性粒细胞扰动反应(wdf Pam3CSK4 19 h NE4 CV FSC);图c为红细胞扰动反应(ret DMSO 4.5 h RBC1 SD FSC);图d为网织红细胞扰动反应(ret Ciprofloxacin 22 h RET1 Med SSC)
图5 CDTA和4种血细胞表型为结局变量的强相关SNP漏斗图。图a为单核细胞扰动反应(wdf TMAO 3.5 h MO2 Med SSC);图b为中性粒细胞扰动反应(wdf Pam3CSK4 19 h NE4 CV FSC);图c为红细胞扰动反应(ret DMSO 4.5 h RBC1 SD FSC);图d为网织红细胞扰动反应(ret Ciprofloxacin 22 h RET1 Med SSC)
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