甲状腺结节的治疗正逐步迈向微创化与精准化。传统高温热消融技术如微波消融、射频消融已被广泛应用，然而其热效应带来的潜在风险，如周围组织热损伤、热沉效应导致消融不完全等促使非高温热消融的关注日益增加。非高温热消融作用机制各异，应用场景也不尽相同。本文旨在综述非高温热消融技术的原理及该技术在甲状腺结节治疗中的应用现状与进展，重点探讨了从经典的化学消融到新兴的不可逆电穿孔、冷冻消融的治疗策略演变，为临床选择甲状腺结节的治疗方案提供新思路。

The treatment of thyroid nodules is progressively shifting toward minimally invasive and precision-oriented strategies. While traditional high-temperature thermal ablation techniques such as microwave ablation and radiofrequency ablation have been widely adopted, potential risks associated with their thermal effects including thermal injury to surrounding tissues and incomplete ablation due to thermal sink effects have spurred increasing interest in non-thermal ablation methods. Non-thermal ablation techniques exhibit diverse mechanisms of action and varying clinical applications. This article aims to review the principles of non-thermal ablation techniques and their current applications and advancements in treating thyroid nodules. It focuses on exploring the evolution of therapeutic strategies from classic chemical ablation to emerging approaches like irreversible electroporation and cryoablation, offering new insights for selecting treatment plans for thyroid nodules in clinical practice.