明确成都地区儿童幽门螺杆菌根除治疗成功率，分析可能导致儿童根除失败的主要因素。

收集2012年1月至2019年6月成都市妇女儿童中心医院经碳13尿素酶呼气试验和胃镜检查确诊幽门螺杆菌感染且需要根除治疗的患儿临床数据，包括疾病人口学数据、根除方案、可能导致根除失败的原因等进行统计分析。

共纳入974例确诊幽门螺杆菌感染且需根除治疗的患儿（男性514例，女性460例，<6岁402例，6~9岁371例，≥10岁201例）。所有患儿根除成功率69.82%（680/974），首次根除成功率64.99%（633/974）；失败后家长同意继续根除治疗116例，最终成功率40.52%（47/116）；因溃疡行根除治疗成功率72.00%（18/25）。共完成1135次根除，成功率59.91%（680/1135），6种治疗方案的治疗成功率差异无统计学意义（χ²=7.070，P=0.07）。2012至2015年成都地区儿童根除以含甲硝唑根除方案为主，根除成功率63.49%；2015年中国儿童幽门螺杆菌诊治专家共识出版后，2016至2019年首选克拉霉素方案，根除成功率提高至73.83%，差异有统计学意义（χ²=11.72，P=0.001）。幽门螺杆菌感染家族史是影响儿童根除率的主要因素［优势比=3.921，95%CI（1.249~12.305），P=0.019］。

成都地区儿童幽门螺杆菌感染总体根除成功率尚未达到80%，初次根除选择克拉霉素三联方案能够提高成功率；有幽门螺杆菌感染家族史是影响成功的主要环境因素。

To assess the efficacy of eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in children living in Chengdu, China and identify the risk factors for treatment failure.

A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical records of children who were diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection by breath urea test and gastroscopy, including demographic data, eradication therapy, and possible risk factors for treatment failure.

A total of 974 children with Helicobacter pylori infection who received the eradication therapy (514 males and 460 females) were involved, including 402 children under the age of 6 years and 572 children 6 years older. The total success rate of eradication was 69.82% (680/974), and the first time success rate was 64.99% (633/974); 116 children received twice and more times of eradication with a success rate of 40.52% (47/117). Approximately 72.00% (18/25) of children with peptic ulcer had successful eradication. A total of 1135 episodes of eradication treatment were completed, and the total success rate was 59.91% (680/1135). Metronidazole based triple regimen was the first choice of eradication between 2012 and 2015, with a success rate of 63.49%. However, the success rate increased to 73.83% after more applying the clarithromycin based triple regimen as the first-line therapy (χ²=11.72, P=0.001). Family member with Helicobacter pylori infection was the main risk factor affecting the outcome of treatment (odds ratio=3.921, 95%CI: 1.249-12.305, P=0.019).

The total success rate of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy is under 80%. Using clarithromycin based triple regimen as the first-line therapy could increase the possibility of successful eradication; family member with Helicobacter pylori infection is the main environment factor impacting the results.