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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2020, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (07) : 562 -568. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2020.07.019

所属专题: 文献

调查研究

拉萨维持性血液透析患者肾移植意愿调查研究
李启春1,(), 王峰2   
  1. 1. 850000 拉萨,西藏大学医学院
    2. 850000 拉萨,西藏自治区人民医院泌尿外科
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-19 出版日期:2020-07-15
  • 通信作者: 李启春

Investigation on kidney transplantation intention of maintenance hemodialysis patients in Lhasa

Qichun Li1,(), Feng Wang2   

  1. 1. Tibet University Medical School, Lhasa 850000, China
    2. Department of Urology, People′s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
  • Received:2020-05-19 Published:2020-07-15
  • Corresponding author: Qichun Li
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Li Qichun, Email:
引用本文:

李启春, 王峰. 拉萨维持性血液透析患者肾移植意愿调查研究[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2020, 14(07): 562-568.

Qichun Li, Feng Wang. Investigation on kidney transplantation intention of maintenance hemodialysis patients in Lhasa[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2020, 14(07): 562-568.

目的

了解拉萨地区维持性血液透析患者的肾移植意愿及其影响因素。

方法

选择2019年4月5日至2019年4月12日期间在西藏自治区人民医院血液净化中心进行维持性血液透析的患者102例参加的横断面调查。所使用的问卷是根据之前发表的文献进行编制,使用多元Logistic回归分析确定肾移植意愿的影响因素。

结果

入选患者98例了解肾移植(96.1%),35例维持性透析患者有肾移植意愿(34.3%)。调整了混杂因素后,潜在受者的年龄的增长(比值比为0.9,95%CI:0.8~0.9,P<0.001)、已婚状态(比值比为0.1,95%CI:0~0.5,P=0.010)、糖尿病肾病(比值比为0,95%CI:0~0.2,P=0.001)均是肾移植意愿的负面影响因素,并发现41岁是肾移植意愿降低的一个关键转折点。较高的受教育程度(比值比为8.2,95%CI:2.9~22.7,P<0.001)是促进选择肾移植的因素。在职状态(比值比为3.1,95%CI:0.9~10.9,P=0.085,交互作用检验P=0.0133)可能是促进选择肾移植的因素。与肾小球肾炎患者相比,多囊肾患者(比值比为6.0,95%CI:1.0~35.9,P=0.050,交互作用检验P=0.0007)与肾病综合征患者(比值比为1.8,95%CI:0.4~8.4,P=0.485,交互作用检验P=0.0007)可能更愿意选择接受肾移植。

结论

在拉萨地区的维持性血液透析患者中,除年龄的增长外,潜在受者对肾移植预后较为落后和偏差的认知是不愿意选择肾移植的重要原因。我们建议开发基于多学科和新媒体的标准化、患者可理解、和基于循证的CKD患者肾脏替代治疗信息系统,以促进西藏CKD患者获得正确的各种肾脏替代治疗预后的信息,以便促进患者能够做出获益更大的治疗决定。

Objective

To understand the kidney transplant intention of maintenance hemodialysis patients in Lhasa and its influencing factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at the hemodialysis center of the people′s hospital of the Tibet autonomous region during the period of April 5, 2019, to April 12, 2019, was selected (n=102). The questionnaires used were based on previously published literature, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of kidney transplantation intention.

Results

Among the enrolled patients, 98 (96.1%) were aware of kidney transplantation, and 35(34.3%) of maintenance hemodialysis patients had the intention of kidney transplantation. After adjusting for confounding factors, the increase in age of potential recipients (OR=0.9, 95% CI: 0.8-0.9, P<0.001), married status (OR=0.1, 95%CI: 0-0.5, P=0.010), and history of diabetes (OR=0, 95%CI: 0-0.2, P=0.001) were all negative influencing factors for kidney transplant intention, and it was found that age 41 was a critical turning point for decreased kidney transplant intention. Higher education (OR=8.2, 95%CI: 2.9-22.7, P<0.001) was a factor that promoted the choice of kidney transplantation. In-service status (OR=3.1, 95%CI: 0.9-10.9, P=0.085, interaction test P=0.0133) may be a factor promoting the selection of kidney transplantation. Compared with patients with glomerulonephritis, patients with polycystic kidney disease (OR=6.0, 95%CI: 1.0-35.9, P=0.050, interaction test 0.0007) and nephrotic syndrome patients (OR=1.8, 95%CI: 0.4-8.4, P=0.485, interaction test 0.0007) may be more willing to receive renal transplantation.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that among maintenance dialysis patients in the Lhasa area, in addition to the increase of age, the poor and biased perception of the prognosis of potential recipients of kidney transplantation was an important reason for their reluctance to choose kidney transplantation. We recommend the development of a standardized, patient-understandable, and evidence-based renal replacement therapy information system for CKD patients based on multidisciplinary and new media to facilitate accurate information on the prognosis of various renal replacement therapies for CKD patients in Tibet so that patients can make more beneficial treatment decisions.

表1 入选参与问卷调查的维持性透析患者的基线特征
项目 总数 没有肾移植意愿 有肾移植意愿 统计值 P
入选人数[例(%)] 102(100) 67(65.7) 35(34.3) - -
年龄[岁,MQUQL)] 44.0(38.0,56.8) 52.0(42.0,59.0) 37.0(27.0,42.0) Z=-5.7 <0.001
年龄分组[例(%)] ? ? ? χ2=38.413 <0.001
? 19~38岁 27(26.5) 5(7.5) 22(62.9) ? ?
? 39~44岁 25(24.5) 18(26.9) 7(20.0) ? ?
? 45~57岁 26(25.5) 22(32.8) 4(11.4) ? ?
? 58~72岁 24(23.5) 22(32.8) 2(5.7) ? ?
性别 ? ? ? χ2=0.021 0.885
? 33(32.4) 22(32.8) 11(31.4) ? ?
? 69(67.6) 45(67.2) 24(68.6) ? ?
民族 ? ? ? - -
? 藏族 102(100) 67(100) 35(100) ? ?
? 其他民族 0 0 0 ? ?
婚姻状况 ? ? ? - <0.001
? 未婚 8(7.8) 1(1.5) 7(20.0) ? ?
? 已婚 94(92.2) 66(98.5) 28(80.0) ? ?
教育程度 ? ? ? χ2=19.27 <0.001
? 高中以下 74(72.5) 58(86.6) 16(45.7) ? ?
? 高中及以上 28(27.5) 9(13.4) 19(54.3) ? ?
职业 ? ? ? χ2=12.35 <0.001
? 无业 18(17.6) 14(20.9) 4(11.4) ? ?
? 在职 57(55.9) 28(41.8) 29(82.9) ? ?
? 退休 27(26.5) 25(37.3) 2(5.7) ? ?
肾衰竭病因 ? ? ? - <0.001
? 肾小球肾炎 16(15.7) 8(11.9) 8(22.9) ? ?
? 糖尿病肾病 39(38.2) 38(56.7) 1(2.9) ? ?
? 高血压肾小动脉硬化 10(9.8) 7(10.4) 3(8.6) ? ?
? 肾病综合征 11(10.8) 4(6.0) 7(20.0) ? ?
? 多囊肾 14(13.7) 2(3.0) 12(34.3) ? ?
? 临床未确诊 12(11.8) 8(11.9) 4(11.4) ? ?
透析时间(月) 36.0(20.2,55.8) 39.0(20.5,52.5) 29.0(20.0,59.5) Z=-0.194 0.609
是否知道肾移植 ? ? ? - 0.140
? 不知道 4(3.9) 4(6.0) 0 ? ?
? 知道 98(96.1) 63(94.0) 35(100) ? ?
是否认为肾移植会延长预期寿命 ? ? ? χ2=31.64 <0.001
? 会延长 64(62.7) 29(43.3) 35(100) ? ?
? 不会延长 38(37.3) 38(56.7) 0 ? ?
是否认为肾移植会提高生活质量 ? ? ? χ2=31.64 <0.001
? 会提高 64(62.7) 29(43.3) 35(100) ? ?
? 不会提高 38(37.3) 38(56.7) 0 ? ?
是否讨论过肾移植作为透析的替代方案 ? ? ? χ2=0.214 0.644
? 讨论过 58(56.9) 37(55.2) 21(60.0) ? ?
? 没讨论过 44(43.1) 30(44.8) 14(40.0) ? ?
是否曾转诊到泌尿外科 ? ? ? χ2=1.765 0.184
? 曾转诊 19(18.6) 10(14.9) 9(25.8) ? ?
? 从未转诊 83(81.4) 57(85.1) 26(74.2) ? ?
有无潜在肾脏供体 ? ? ? - 0.773
? 没有 89(87.3) 58(86.6) 31(88.6) ? ?
? 13(12.7) 9(13.4) 4(11.4) ? ?
表2 入选参与问卷调查的维持性透析患者不愿意做肾移植的原因
图1 肾移植意愿与年龄拟合曲线
表3 入选参与问卷调查的维持性透析患者肾移植意愿单因素回归分析
表4 入选参与问卷调查的维持性透析患者肾移植意愿多因素回归分析
变量 未调整 多因素调整模型1a 多因素调整模型2b
OR 95%CI P OR 95 % CI P OR 95% CI P
年龄(岁) 0.9 (0.8,0.9) <0.001 0.9 (0.8,0.9) <0.001 0.9 (0.8,0.9) <0.001
年龄四分组(岁) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? 19~38 1.0 - - 1.0 - - 1.0 - -
? 39~44 0.1 (0.0,0.3) <0.001 0.1 (0.0,0.4) <0.001 0.1 (0.0,0.4) <0.001
? 45~57 0.0 (0.0,0.2) <0.001 0.0 (0.0,0.2) <0.001 0.0 (0.0,0.2) <0.001
? 58~72 0.0 (0.0,0.1) <0.001 0.0 (0.0,0.1) <0.001 0.0 (0.0,0.1) <0.001
趋势性检验 - - <0.001 - - <0.001 - - <0.001
年龄二分组(岁) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ≤41 1.0 - - 1.0 - - 1.0 - -
? >41 0.1 (0.0,0.3) <0.001 0.1 (0.0,0.3) <0.001 0.1 (0.0,0.2) <0.001
婚姻状况 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? 未婚 1.0 - - 1.0 - - 1.0 - -
? 已婚 0.1 (0.0,0.5) 0.010 0.1 (0.0,0.5) 0.012 0.1 (0.0,0.5) 0.010
教育程度 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? 高中以下 1.0 ? ? 1.0 ? ? 1.0 ? ?
? 高中及以上 7.7 (2.9,20.1) <0.001 7.2 (2.7,19.0) <0.001 8.2 (2.9,22.7) <0.001
职业 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? 无业 1.0 - - 1.0 - - 1.0 - -
? 在职 3.6 (1.1,12.4) 0.040 3.0 (0.9,10.6) 0.085 3.1 (0.9,10.9) 0.085
? 退休 0.3 (0.0,1.7) 0.170 0.2 (0.0,1.6) 0.136 0.2 (0.0,1.6) 0.138
? 交互作用检验 - - 0.0105 - - 0.0087 - - 0.0133
肾衰竭病因 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? 肾小球肾炎 1.0 - - 1.0 - - 1.0 - -
? 糖尿病肾病 0.0 (0.0,0.2) 0.001 0.0 (0.0,0.3) 0.002 0.0 (0.0,0.2) 0.001
? 高血压性肾硬化 0.4 (0.1,2.3) 0.320 0.4 (0.1,2.2) 0.270 0.4 (0.1,2.3) 0.283
? 肾病综合征 1.8 (0.4,8.4) 0.485 1.7 (0.4,8.4) 0.490 5.6 (0.5,57.7) 0.150
? 多囊肾 6.0 (1.0,35.9) 0.050 6.2 (1.0,37.6) 0.046 5.2 (0.8,32.4) 0.077
? 临床未确诊 0.5 (0.1,2.4) 0.381 0.5 (0.1,2.3) 0.339 0.4 (0.1,1.9) 0.226
? 交互作用检验 - - 0.0007 - - 0.0004 - - 0.0012
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