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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (02) : 81 -86. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2021.02.001

所属专题: 文献

临床研究

糖尿病足坏死性软组织感染的危险因素评估
何睿1, 齐心1,(), 温冰1, 李会娟1, 袁戈恒2   
  1. 1. 100034 北京,北京大学第一医院整形烧伤外科
    2. 100034 北京,北京大学第一医院内分泌科
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-07 出版日期:2021-02-15
  • 通信作者: 齐心
  • 基金资助:
    北京大学第一医院青年临床研究专项基金(2017CR13)

Risk factors for diabetic foot complicated by necrotizing soft tissue infection

Rui He1, Xin Qi1,(), Bing Wen1, Huijuan Li1, Geheng Yuan2   

  1. 1. Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
    2. Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
  • Received:2021-01-07 Published:2021-02-15
  • Corresponding author: Xin Qi
引用本文:

何睿, 齐心, 温冰, 李会娟, 袁戈恒. 糖尿病足坏死性软组织感染的危险因素评估[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(02): 81-86.

Rui He, Xin Qi, Bing Wen, Huijuan Li, Geheng Yuan. Risk factors for diabetic foot complicated by necrotizing soft tissue infection[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(02): 81-86.

目的

明确糖尿病足坏死性软组织感染(NSTI)的危险因素。

方法

回顾性分析2010年1月至2017年12月经北京大学第一医院糖尿病足防治中心收治的糖尿病足感染(DFI)患者的病历资料,按照糖尿病足国际工作组(IWGDF)指南对所有患者进行感染程度分级,根据是否存在NSTI分为NSTI组与非NSTI组,利用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析明确NSTI的危险因素,利用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)确定危险因素的临界值。

结果

共141例DFI患者纳入本研究,IWGDF分级为轻度、中度、重度感染患者分别占14.9%、61.0%、24.1%。NSTI组31例,非NSTI组110例,DFI中NSTI的发生率为22.0%。单因素分析结果显示,NSTI组年龄更低,溃疡病程更短,重度感染比率、大截肢率更高,糖化血红蛋白、白细胞计数(WBC)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平更高,血红蛋白、血清白蛋白值更低(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,WBC、CRP是NSTI的危险因素(P<0.05),且临界值分别为12.00×109/L、100 mg/L。

结论

DFI患者合并NSTI不少见,应常规按IWGDF指南对DFI患者进行感染程度分级,对于重度感染或是WBC≥12.00×109/L、CRP≥100 mg/L的DFI患者,应及时评估创面情况,警惕NSTI可能。

Objective

To identify the risk factors for diabetic foot complicated by necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI).

Methods

Based on retrospective chart review, we presented all cases of diabetic foot infection (DFI) patients treated at Diabetic Foot Treatment & Preventive Center of Peking University First Hospital from January 2010 to December 2017. The severity of DFI was assessed for all the patients using the international working group on the diabetic foot (IWGDF) classification scheme, then the patients were divided into either an NSTI group or a non-NSTI group. Both univariate and Logistic regression analyses were performed, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify the cutoff values of the risk factors.

Results

A total of 141 patients were enrolled in this study, and the rates of mild, moderate, and severe infections were 14.9%, 61.0%, and 24.1%, respectively. There were 31 patients in the NSTI group and 110 patients in the non-NSTI group. The incidence of NSTI in DFI patients was 22.0%. Univariate analysis showed that the age of patients in NSTI group was younger, the duration of diabetic foot ulcer was shorter, the infection was more severe, the major amputation rate was higher, glycosylated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white cell count (WBC) were higher, and albumin and hemoglobin were lower (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that WBC and CRP were the risk factors for NSTI (P<0.05), and the cutoff values were 12.00×109/L and 100 mg/L, respectively.

Conclusion

It is not uncommon for DFI patients with NSTI. The severity of DFI should be routinely assessed according to the IWGDF guidelines. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of NSTI for patients with severe infections or WBC≥12.00×109/L or CRP≥100 mg/L.

表1 糖尿病足患者NSTI组与非NSTI组各指标比较
项目 NSTI组(31例) 非NSTI组(110例) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,
x¯
±s
58.1±13.1 63.8±12.2 t=2.265 0.025
男性[例(%)] 21(67.7) 78(70.9) χ2=0.116 0.733
体质量指数(kg/m2
x¯
±s
24.2±3.0 24.5±3.6 t=0.412 0.681
糖尿病病程[年,M(Q25Q75)] 10(5,20) 10(5,20) Z=-0.261 0.794
足溃疡时间[d,M(Q25Q75)] 14(8,30) 30(14,90) Z=-4.160 <0.001
足溃疡病史[例(%)] 5(16.1) 27(24.5) χ2=0.976 0.093
截肢/趾史[例(%)] 2(6.5) 20(18.2) χ2=2.527 0.161
高血压病[例(%)] 15(48.4) 65(59.1) χ2=1.129 0.288
脑血管疾病[例(%)] 4(12.9) 29(26.4) χ2=2.444 0.118
冠心病[例(%)] 5(16.1) 25(22.7) χ2=0.629 0.428
糖尿病周围神经病变[例(%)] 22(71.0) 80(72.7) χ2=0.037 0.847
下肢动脉病变[例(%)] 16(51.6) 61(55.5) χ2=0.144 0.704
糖尿病视网膜病变[例(%)] 13(41.9) 39(35.5) χ2=0.436 0.509
透析[例(%)] 2(6.5) 12(10.9) χ2=0.537 0.735
血红蛋白(g/L,
x¯
±s
100.9±20.1 115.2±21.6 t=3.297 0.001
白细胞计数[×109/L,M(Q25Q75)] 16.23(12.76,18.94) 9.05(7.11,11.01) Z=-6.395 <0.001
C-反应蛋白[mg/L,M(Q25Q75)] 160.00(106.23,231.18) 52.55(13.44,101.10) Z=-6.172 <0.001
白蛋白(g/L,
x¯
±s
27.3±4.8 34.1±5.7 t=6.026 <0.001
血肌酐[μmol/L,M(Q25Q75)] 87.90(69.00,153.00) 91.00(76.00,116.25) Z=-0.358 0.720
糖化血红蛋白[%,M(Q25Q75)] 10.1(8.5,11.5) 8.4(7.3,10.0) Z=-2.835 0.005
Wagner 分级[例(%)] χ2=4.055 0.288

Wagner 2

0(0.0) 12(10.9)

Wagner 3

13(41.9) 42(38.2)

Wagner 4

18(58.1) 55(50.0)

Wagner 5

0(0.0) 1(0.9)
感染严重程度[例(%)] χ2=77.877 < 0.001

轻度或中度

5(16.1) 102(92.7)

重度

26(83.9) 8(7.3)
复数菌感染[例(%)] 9(29.0) 15(16.8) χ2=2.131 0.144
小截肢[例(%)] 14(45.2) 62(56.4) χ2=1.221 0.269
大截肢[例(%)] 7(22.6) 7(6.4) χ2=7.112 0.014
死亡[例(%)] 2(6.5) 1(0.9) χ2=3.568 0.122
表2 糖尿病足坏死性软组织感染的二元Logistic回归分析
图1 糖尿病足坏死性软组织感染的受试者工作特征曲线。图a为白细胞计数;图b为C-反应蛋白
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