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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (12) : 1016 -1023. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2021.12.019

临床研究

慢性肾脏病患者血压晨峰、心率变异性与血管内皮损伤的相关性
沈理宇1,(), 吕娜1, 史颖1, 魏巍1   
  1. 1. 213300 江苏溧阳,江苏省人民医院溧阳分院 溧阳市人民医院肾内科
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-03 出版日期:2021-12-15
  • 通信作者: 沈理宇

Correlation between morning blood pressure surge, heart rate variability, and vascular endothelial damage in chronic kidney disease patients

Liyu Shen1,(), Na Lv1, Ying Shi1, Wei Wei1   

  1. 1. Department of Nephrology, Liyang Branch of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang 213300, China
  • Received:2021-06-03 Published:2021-12-15
  • Corresponding author: Liyu Shen
引用本文:

沈理宇, 吕娜, 史颖, 魏巍. 慢性肾脏病患者血压晨峰、心率变异性与血管内皮损伤的相关性[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(12): 1016-1023.

Liyu Shen, Na Lv, Ying Shi, Wei Wei. Correlation between morning blood pressure surge, heart rate variability, and vascular endothelial damage in chronic kidney disease patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(12): 1016-1023.

目的

探讨慢性肾脏病患者血压晨峰、心率变异性与血管内皮损伤的相关性,阐明慢性肾脏病血压改变的可能机制。

方法

采用前瞻性观察研究,选取2018年6月至2019年6月于江苏省人民医院溧阳分院肾内科就诊的慢性肾脏病患者70例,根据估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)分为肾功能轻度下降组(35例)和肾功能中重度下降组(35例),同时选择同期既往无慢性肾脏病且体检正常人群30例作为健康对照组。检测所有患者的血压晨峰、心率变异性[时域指标包括全部正常窦性心搏间期的标准差(SDNN)、每5分钟时段NN间期均值的标准差(SDANN)、全程相邻NN间期差值均方根(rMSSD)、24 h内相差>50 ms的相邻窦性心搏间期占窦性心搏间期总数的百分比(pNN50);频域指标包括低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)和LF/HF]、血管内皮损伤[血清内皮素1(ET-1)、血清一氧化氮(NO)]情况,采用方差分析进行组间比较。以起床后2 h平均血压与夜间最低血压在内的1 h平均血压差值≥35 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)定义为血压晨峰,将3组患者分别分为血压晨峰组和非血压晨峰组,比较各组心率变异性和血管内皮损伤情况。采用Pearson相关性检验分析慢性肾脏病患者血压晨峰与心率变异及血管内皮损伤的相关性。

结果

(1)肾功能轻度下降组患者的血压晨峰比例、LF、ET-1高于健康对照组,rMSSD、HF、LF/HF、NO水平低于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);肾功能中重度下降组患者的血压晨峰比例、ET-1高于健康对照组和肾功能轻度下降组,pNN50、LF、LF/HF、NO水平低于健康对照组和肾功能轻度下降组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。(2)健康对照组中,血压晨峰组患者SDNN、rMSSD、pNN50、HF、LF/HF、NO低于非血压晨峰组,LF、ET-1水平高于非血压晨峰组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);肾功能轻度下降组中,血压晨峰组患者pNN50、LF/HF、NO低于非血压晨峰组,ET-1水平高于非血压晨峰组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);肾功能中重度下降组中,血压晨峰组患者SDANN、LF、LF/HF、NO低于非血压晨峰组,ET-1水平高于非血压晨峰组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。(3)慢性肾脏病患者血压晨峰与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD、pNN50、LF、HF、LF/HF、NO呈负相关(P均<0.05),与ET-1呈正相关(P<0.05)。

结论

慢性肾脏病患者普遍存在血压晨峰、心率变异性和血管内皮损伤,且血压晨峰与心率变异、血管内皮损伤存在相关性。

Objective

To investigate the relationship between morning blood pressure surge, heart rate variability, and vascular endothelial damage in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, in order to clarify the mechanism of blood pressure change in CKD.

Methods

In this prospective observational study, 70 patients with CKD treated at Nephrology Department of Liyang Branch of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital were selected. According to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the patients were divided into a mildly decreased renal function group (n=35), and a moderately to severely decreased renal function group (n=35). Meanwhile, 30 healthy patients without CKD were selected as a normal control group. Morning peak blood pressure, heart rate variability [time domain indexes: standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of averaged normal-to-normal intervals (SDANN) , root of the mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), percentage of adjacent normal-to-normal intervals differing by>50 ms (pNN50); frequency domain indexes: low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/ HF], and vascular endothelial damage [serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) and serum nitric oxide (NO)] were detected and compared among the three groups using one-way ANOVA. The morning peak blood pressure was defined as the 1 h mean blood pressure difference value ≥35 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) between the mean blood pressure 2 h after getting up and the minimum blood pressure at night. Patients of the three groups were divided into a morning peak blood pressure subgroup and a non-morning peak blood pressure subgroup, respectively, and the heart rate variability and vascular endothelial damage of these two subgroups were compared. The correlation of morning blood pressure peak with heart rate variation and vascular endothelial damage was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.

Results

Compared with the normal control group, the proportion of patients with morning blood pressure surge, LF, and ET-1 significantly increased, but rMSSD, HF, LF/HF, and NO significantly decreased in the mildly decreased renal function group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group and mildly decreased renal function group, the proportion of patients with morning blood pressure surge and ET-1 significantly increased, but pNN50, LF, LF/HF, and NO significantly decreased in the moderately to severely decreased renal function group (P<0.05). In the normal control group, compared with the non-morning peak blood pressure subgroup, SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50, HF, LF/HF, and NO of morning peak blood pressure group significantly deceased, but LF and ET-1 significantly increased in the non-morning peak blood pressure subgroup (P<0.05). In the mildly decreased renal function group, compared with the non-morning peak blood pressure subgroup, pNN50, LF/HF, and NO significantly deceased, but ET-1 significantly increased in the non-morning peak blood pressure subgroup (P<0.05). In the moderately to severely decreased renal function group, compared with the non-morning peak blood pressure subgroup, SDANN, LF, LF/HF, and NO significantly deceased, but ET-1 significantly increased in the non-morning peak blood pressure subgroup (P<0.05). Among CKD patients, the morning blood pressure surge were negatively correlated with SDNN, SDANN, rMSSD, pNN50, LF, HF, LF/ HF, and NO (P<0.05), and positively correlated with ET-1 (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Morning blood pressure surge, heart rate variability, and vascular endothelial damage are common in patients with CKD, and there are correlations between morning blood pressure surge and heart rate variability and vascular endothelial damage in CKD patients.

表1 3组研究对象一般资料比较
表2 3组研究对象的血压晨峰、心率变异性及血管内皮功能比较
表3 健康对照组中不同血压晨峰患者的心率变异性及血管内皮功能比较(
xˉ
±s
表4 肾功能轻度下降组中不同血压晨峰患者的心率变异性及血管内皮功能比较(
xˉ
±s
表5 肾功能中重度下降组中不同血压晨峰患者心率变异性及血管内皮功能比较(
xˉ
±s
图1 慢性肾脏病患者血压晨峰与心率变异指标的相关性分析。图a为血压晨峰与SDNN的相关性分析;图b为血压晨峰与SDANN的相关性分析;图c为血压晨峰与rMSSD的相关性分析;图d为血压晨峰与pNN50的相关性分析;图e为血压晨峰与LF的相关性分析;图f为血压晨峰与HF的相关性分析;图g为血压晨峰与LF/HF的相关性分析注:SDNN为全部正常窦性心搏间期的标准差;SDANN为每5分钟时段NN间期均值的标准差;rMSSD为全程相邻NN间期差值均方根;pNN50为24 h内相差>50 ms的相邻窦性心搏间期占窦性心搏间期总数的百分比;LF为低频功率;HF为高频功率;1 mmHg=0.133 kPa
图2 慢性肾脏病患者血压晨峰与血管内皮损伤指标的相关性分析。图a为血压晨峰与血清NO的相关性分析;图b为血压晨峰与血清ET-1的相关性分析注:ET-1为内皮素1;NO为一氧化氮
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