随着老龄化人口的日益加剧，住院患者跌倒问题日渐突出，跌倒的发生会给患者及家属、社会带来沉重负担。因此，通过评估工具或风险预测模型准确识别出跌倒高风险患者，提前进行预防跌倒的发生尤为重要。本文综述目前常用跌倒评估工具、特殊疾病人群跌倒风险预测模型的研究进展及现存问题，并加以分析、提出建议，以期为临床医务工作者选择跌倒风险预测工具提供参考。

With the increasing aging population, the problem of falls among hospitalized patients is becoming increasingly prominent. The occurrence of falls can bring a heavy burden to patients, their families, and society. Therefore, it is particularly important to accurately identify patients at high risk for falls through evaluation tools or risk prediction models to prevent the occurrence of falls. This review summarizes the research progress and existing problems of commonly used fall assessment tools and fall risk prediction models for special disease populations, and proposes suggestions to provide reference for clinical medical workers to choose fall risk prediction tools.