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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (10) : 733 -740. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2025.10.002

临床研究

老年轻中度高血压合并射血分数保留心力衰竭患者的夜间脉压及脉压指数与心功能及预后的相关性
曹国良(), 施惠华, 朱珠, 杜岑   
  1. 201900 上海,上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院老年科
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-16 出版日期:2025-10-30
  • 通信作者: 曹国良

Correlation of nocturnal pulse pressure and nocturnal pulse pressure index with cardiac function and prognosis in elderly patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension complicated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Guoliang Cao(), Huihua Shi, Zhu Zhu, Cen Du   

  1. Department of Geratology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
  • Received:2025-10-16 Published:2025-10-30
  • Corresponding author: Guoliang Cao
引用本文:

曹国良, 施惠华, 朱珠, 杜岑. 老年轻中度高血压合并射血分数保留心力衰竭患者的夜间脉压及脉压指数与心功能及预后的相关性[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(10): 733-740.

Guoliang Cao, Huihua Shi, Zhu Zhu, Cen Du. Correlation of nocturnal pulse pressure and nocturnal pulse pressure index with cardiac function and prognosis in elderly patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension complicated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(10): 733-740.

目的

探讨轻中度高血压合并射血分数保留心力衰竭(HFpEF)患者夜间脉压(nPP)及脉压指数(nPPI)与心功能指标的相关性,并评估其对短期心血管不良事件(MACE)的预测价值。

方法

选取120例老年轻中度高血压合并HFpEF患者,均接受24 h动态血压监测(ABPM)和超声心动图检查,随访1年记录MACE(包括心衰再入院、非致死性心梗、脑卒中、心血管死亡)。根据nPP中位数(50 mmHg)将患者分为高nPP组和低nPP组,根据nPPI中位数(0.42)分为高nPPI组和低nPPI组。分析nPP、nPPI与心功能指标的相关性、预后差异,评估其独立预测价值及预测效能。

结果

高nPP组的左房容积指数(LAVI)、二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度/二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度(E/E′)、室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVSd)、左室后壁舒张末期厚度(LVPWd)均显著高于低nPP组(均P<0.05),左室射血分数(LVEF)组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.688);高nPPI组的变化趋势一致(均P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,nPP与LAVI(r=0.423,P<0.001)、E/E′(r=0.386,P<0.001)呈正相关;nPPI与LAVI(r=0.398,P<0.001)、E/E′(r=0.357,P<0.001)亦呈正相关。1年随访期间共发生MACE23例(19.2%),高nPP组MACE发生率(28.3%)显著高于低nPP组(10.0%)(Log-rank χ2=8.762,P=0.003),高nPPI组(26.7%)显著高于低nPPI组(11.7%)(Log-rank χ2=6.541,P=0.011)。多因素Cox回归分析(方差膨胀因子VIF均<10,无共线性)显示,nPP升高(HR=1.052,95%CI:1.018~1.087,P=0.002)和nPPI升高(HR=1.896,95%CI:1.123~3.205,P=0.017)是短期MACE的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示,nPP预测MACE的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.725(95%CI:0.631~0.819,P<0.001),最佳截断值为55 mmHg(敏感度76.9%,特异度68.3%);nPPI的AUC为0.703(95%CI:0.605~0.801,P<0.001),最佳截断值为0.45(敏感度73.1%,特异度65.2%)。

结论

轻中度高血压合并HFpEF患者nPP和nPPI升高与左室舒张功能障碍显著相关,且是短期MACE的独立预测因素,可作为该人群心功能评估及预后分层的简易指标。

Objective

To investigate the correlation of nocturnal pulse pressure (nPP) and nocturnal pulse pressure index (nPPI) with cardiac function parameters in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and to evaluate their predictive value for short-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).

Methods

A total of 120 elderly patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension and HFpEF were enrolled. All patients underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and echocardiographic examination. They were followed for 1 year to record the occurrence of MACEs, including rehospitalization for heart failure, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. Based on the median nPP (50 mmHg), the patients were divided into a high nPP group and a low nPP group. Similarly, based on the median nPPI (0.42), the patients were divided into a high nPPI group and a low nPPI group. The correlations of nPP and nPPI with cardiac function parameters, as well as their prognostic differences, were analyzed. Their independent predictive value and predictive performance were assessed.

Results

The left atrial volume index (LAVI), the ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/E′), interventricular septal end-diastolic thickness (IVSd), and left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic thickness (LVPWd) were significantly higher in the high nPP group than in the low nPP group, while there was no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between the two groups. A consistent trend was observed in the high nPPI group and low nPP group. Correlation analysis showed that nPP was positively correlated with LAVI and E/E′; nPPI was also positively correlated with LAVI and E/E′. During the 1-year follow-up, the overall MACE incidence was 19.2%. The MACE incidence in the high nPP group (28.3%) was significantly higher than that of the low nPP group (10.0%). Similarly, the MACE incidence in the high nPPI group (26.7%) was significantly higher than that of the low nPPI group (11.7%). Multivariate Cox regression analysis (all variance inflation factors <10, indicating no multicollinearity) showed that elevated nPP and elevated nPPI were independent risk factors for short-term MACEs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of nPP in predicting MACEs was 0.725, with an optimal cut-off value of 55 mmHg. The AUC for nPPI in predicting MACE was 0.703, with an optimal cut-off value of 0.45.

Conclusion

In patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension and HFpEF, elevated nPP and nPPI are significantly associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and serve as independent predictors of short-term MACEs. They can be used as straightforward indicators for cardiac function assessment and risk stratification in this population.

表1 高nPP组与低nPP组患者基线资料比较
图1 轻中度高血压合并HFpEF患者nPP、nPPI与心功能指标的相关性散点图。图a为nPP与LAVI的相关性(r=0.423,P<0.001);图b为nPP与E/E′的相关性(r=0.386,P<0.001);图c为nPPI与LAVI的相关性(r=0.398,P<0.001);图d为nPPI与E/E′的相关性(r=0.357,P<0.001) 注:HFpEF为射血分数保留心力衰竭;nPP为夜间脉压;nPPI为夜间脉压指数;LAVI为左房容积指数;E/E′为二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度E峰/二尖瓣环侧
表2 高nPP组与低nPP组、高nPPI组与低nPPI组患者心功能指标比较
表3 轻中度高血压合并HFpEF患者MACE的多因素Cox比例风险回归分析
图2 轻中度高血压合并HFpEF患者nPP、nPPI预测MACE的ROC曲线 注:HFpEF为射血分数保留心力衰竭;nPP为夜间脉压;nPPI为夜间脉压指数;MACE为主要不良心血管事件
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