探索注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）共病患儿一级亲属（父亲或母亲）的童年创伤经历、内隐记忆和外显记忆的特征，为ADHD共病的神经心理学发病机制及家庭心理干预提供参考。

选取2022年7月至2024年2月在合肥市第四人民医院门诊就诊的88例ADHD患儿（疾病组）及其一级亲属，其中共病组31例；另选取合肥市某中小学年龄、性别、智力相匹配的30例健康儿童及其一级亲属作为健康对照组。采用中文版SNAP-IV评定量表评估ADHD患儿症状严重程度，童年期创伤问卷（CTQ-SF）评估亲属童年创伤经历，词汇知觉速度测验任务、词汇识别任务分别测试亲属内隐记忆、外显记忆。采用方差分析及Person进行数据分析。

疾病组中ADHD共病发生率为27.23%（31/88），共病组患儿SNAP-IV评分（49.00±12.02）显著高于非共病组（41.61±10.06）及健康对照组（13.43±6.89）。共病组患儿父母CTQ-SF总分（45.81±7.96）高于非共病组（40.28±7.78）及健康对照组（37.03±5.34），且在情感虐待、性虐待因子得分均高于另外2组，躯体忽视因子得分高于非共病组，情感忽视、躯体虐待维度得分高于健康对照组（P＜0.05）。共病组患儿父母外显记忆反应时（1059.63±122.01）ms长于非共病组（928.43±118.17）ms及健康对照组（928.37±202.88）ms，内隐记忆准确率（20.75±15.16）%低于非共病组（58.10±33.18）%及健康对照组[（83.61±20.53）%，P＜0.001]。共病组患儿父母内隐记忆准确率与CTQ-SF总分（r=-0.506）、性虐待（r=-0.422）、躯体忽视（r=-0.479）得分呈负相关，外显记忆与童年创伤无显著关联（P＞0.05）。

ADHD共病患儿一级亲属存在更严重的童年创伤经历及内隐、外显记忆功能缺陷，且亲属童年创伤经历与内隐记忆损伤密切相关，提示父母早年创伤可能通过影响记忆功能间接增加ADHD患儿共病风险，可为ADHD家庭心理干预提供靶点。

To explore the characteristics of childhood trauma experiences, implicit memory, and explicit memory in first-degree relatives (parents) of children with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in order to provide insight into the disorder's neuropsychological pathogenesis and inform family-based psychological interventions.

A total of 88 children with ADHD (disease group) who attended the outpatient department of Fouth People’s Hospital of Hefei from July 2022 to February 2024, along with their first-degree relatives, were selected, of which 31 were classified as the comorbidity subgroup. Additionally, 30 healthy children (matched in age, gender, and intelligence) from a primary and secondary school in Hefei, together with their first-degree relatives, were chosen as a healthy control group. The Chinese version of the Swanson Nolan and Pelham Version IV Scale (SNAP-IV) was used to assess the severity of ADHD symptoms in children. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) was employed to evaluate the childhood trauma experiences of the relatives. The lexical perceptual speed test task and lexical recognition task were respectively adopted to measure the implicit memory and explicit memory of the relatives. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis were applied for data analyses.

The comorbidity rate of ADHD in the disease group was 27.23% (31/88). The SNAP-IV score of children in the comorbidity subgroup (49.00±12.02) was significantly higher than that in the non-comorbidity subgroup (41.61±10.06) and the healthy control group (13.43±6.89). The total CTQ-SF score of parents in the comorbidity subgroup (45.81±7.96) was higher than that of the non-comorbidity subgroup (40.28±7.78) and the healthy control group (37.03±5.34). Specifically, the scores of emotional abuse and sexual abuse factors in parents of the comorbidity subgroup were higher than those of the other two groups; the score of physical neglect factor was higher than that of the non-comorbidity subgroup; and the scores of emotional neglect and physical abuse dimensions were higher than those of the healthy control group (all P＜0.05). The explicit reaction time in parents of the comorbidity subgroup [(1059.63±122.01) ms] was longer than that of the non-comorbidity subgroup [(928.43±118.17)] ms and the healthy control group [(928.37±202.88) ms], while the accuracy of implicit memory [(20.75±15.16)%] was lower than that of the non-comorbidity subgroup [(58.10±33.18)%] and the healthy control group [(83.61±20.53)%] (all P＜0.001). The accuracy of implicit memory in parents of the comorbidity subgroup was negatively correlated with the total CTQ-SF score (r=-0.506), sexual abuse score (r=-0.422), and physical neglect score (r=-0.479), whereas there was no significant correlation between explicit memory and childhood trauma (P＞0.05).

First-degree relatives of children with comormid ADHD have more severe childhood trauma experiences and deficits in implicit and explicit memory functions. Furthermore, the childhood trauma experiences of relatives are closely associated with implicit memory impairment. This suggests that the early-life trauma of parents may indirectly increase the risk of comorbidities in children with ADHD by affecting memory function, which can provide a target for family psychological intervention for ADHD.