不同性别青春早期小学生焦虑抑郁情绪的网络分析

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2025.11.005

目的

本研究旨在探索不同性别青春早期小学生焦虑抑郁情绪的网络结构及其性别差异。

方法

于2025年4月采用整群抽样，选取南京市和淮安市两所小学4~6年级学生1182名。使用DSRSC、SCARED、SAS-SV和ERQ评估抑郁、焦虑、智能手机成瘾及情绪调节策略。采用t检验分析性别差异，通过正则化部分相关网络，分析核心与桥接节点，并采用Bootstrap和网络比较检验评估稳定性和性别差异。

结果

女性焦虑与抑郁得分均高于男性（P＜0.001）。网络分析显示，广泛性焦虑中心性最高（强度=1.870，95%CI：1.214~2.681），智能手机成瘾桥接预期影响最大（桥接预期影响=0.638，95%CI：0.538~0.736）。性别差异分析表明，女性抑郁—社交焦虑连接更强（P=0.003），男性在广泛性焦虑-分离焦虑（P=0.047)、认知重评—表达抑制的联结更强（P=0.042）。桥接预期影响力方面，男性以智能手机成瘾最高（桥接预期影响=0.669，95%CI:0.531~0.777），女性以抑郁最高（桥接预期影响=0.723，95%CI：0.594~0.866）。

结论

本研究表明，在青春早期干预应重视广泛性焦虑的核心作用与智能手机成瘾的桥梁作用，并开展性别特异性的心理健康预防：男性侧重外化行为问题，女性关注抑郁等内化情绪问题。

关键词: 网络分析, 焦虑, 抑郁, 手机成瘾, 情绪调节, 性别差异

Objective

To explore the network structures of anxiety and depressive emotions among early adolescent elementary school students and to examine gender differences in these structures.

Methods

In April 2025, a cluster sampling method was employed to select 1182 students in grades 4~6 from two elementary schools in Nanjing and Huai'an. Depression, anxiety, smartphone addiction, and emotion regulation strategies were assessed using the DSRSC, SCARED, SAS-SV, and ERQ scales. Gender differences were analyzed via t-tests. Core and bridging nodes were identified through regularized partial correlation networks, with stability and gender differences evaluated using Bootstrap sampling and network comparison tests.

Results

Girls scored significantly higher than boys on both anxiety and depression measures (P＜0.001). Network analysis revealed that generalized anxiety had the highest centrality (strength=1.870, 95%CI: 1.214~2.681), while smartphone addiction exhibited the strongest bridging effect (bridge expected influence=0.638, 95%CI: 0.538~0.736). Gender difference analysis indicated stronger depression-social anxiety connections in girls (P=0.003), while boys exhibited stronger links between generalized anxiety and separation anxiety (P=0.047) and between cognitive reappraisal and expressive inhibition (P=0.042). Regarding bridge expected influence, boys exhibited the highest effect for smartphone addiction (bridge expected influence=0.669, 95%CI: 0.531~0.777), while girls showed the highest effect for depression (bridge expected influence=0.723, 95%CI: 0.594~0.866).

Conclusion

This study highlights the critical need for early adolescent interventions to address the central role of generalized anxiety and its bridging link to smartphone addiction. Concurrently, prevention strategies should be gender-tailored: focusing on externalizing behavioral issues in boys and internalizing emotional problems such as depression in girls.

Key words: Network analysis, Anxiety, Depression, Mobile phone addiction, Emotion regulation, Gender differences

表1 研究对象基本情况

变量	结果
年龄（岁， $x ¯$ ±s）	11.88±0.96
性别[例（%）]
男性	611（51.7）
女性	571（48.3）
年级[例（%）]
四年级	287（24.3）
五年级	545（46.1）
六年级	350（25.6）
量表评分（分， $x ¯$ ±s）
抑郁水平	9.21±6.32
焦虑水平	16.27±13.64
手机成瘾水平	18.39±9.87
认知重评水平	27.60±10.21
表达抑制水平	13.78±6.86

表1 研究对象基本情况

变量	结果
年龄（岁， $x ¯$ ±s）	11.88±0.96
性别[例（%）]
男性	611（51.7）
女性	571（48.3）
年级[例（%）]
四年级	287（24.3）
五年级	545（46.1）
六年级	350（25.6）
量表评分（分， $x ¯$ ±s）
抑郁水平	9.21±6.32
焦虑水平	16.27±13.64
手机成瘾水平	18.39±9.87
认知重评水平	27.60±10.21
表达抑制水平	13.78±6.86

表2 不同性别青春早期小学生焦虑、抑郁、手机成瘾及情绪调节策略比较（

x ¯

±s）

组别	抑郁	焦虑	手机成瘾	认知重评	表达抑制
男性（n=611）	8.58±5.99	14.2±12.33	18.05±9.49	27.84±10.94	13.43±7.09
女性（n=571）	9.88±6.99	18.48±14.62	18.75±10.25	27.35±9.37	14.15±6.59
t值	-3.534	-5.412	-1.22	0.842	-1.806
P值	P＜0.001	P＜0.001	0.223	0.400	0.071

表2 不同性别青春早期小学生焦虑、抑郁、手机成瘾及情绪调节策略比较（

x ¯

±s）

组别	抑郁	焦虑	手机成瘾	认知重评	表达抑制
男性（n=611）	8.58±5.99	14.2±12.33	18.05±9.49	27.84±10.94	13.43±7.09
女性（n=571）	9.88±6.99	18.48±14.62	18.75±10.25	27.35±9.37	14.15±6.59
t值	-3.534	-5.412	-1.22	0.842	-1.806
P值	P＜0.001	P＜0.001	0.223	0.400	0.071

图1 不同性别青春早期小学生焦虑抑郁情绪的网络结构图

图2 网络节点的中心性指标及桥接预期影响。图a为网络节点的中心性指标；图b为网络节点的桥接预期影响

图3 网络结构的稳定性检验及准确性检验。图a为网络中心性指标的稳定性检验；图b为网络中心性指标的准确性检验

图4 不同性别组的症状网络图。图a为男性亚组青春早期小学生焦虑抑郁情绪的网络结构；图b为女性亚组青春早期小学生焦虑抑郁情绪的网络结构

图5 男性和女性亚组网络节点的中心性指标

图6 不同性别的网络结构的桥接预期影响。图a为男性亚组网络节点的桥接预期影响；图b为女性亚组网络节点的桥接预期影响

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Network analysis of anxiety and depression in early adolescent elementary school students by gender

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Network analysis of anxiety and depression in early adolescent elementary school students by gender