分析食管癌淋巴结转移的危险因素。

回顾性研究郑州大学第一附属医院2016年12月至2017年12月行食管癌根治术的患者150例，记录患者的病历资料、术后病理资料，分析年龄、性别、病变部位、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤长度（肿瘤长径）等可能与食管癌淋巴结转移有关的危险因素，对这些因素进行单因素χ²检验及logistic多因素分析。

150例食管癌患者中，淋巴结转移患者为60例，转移率为40%。单因素χ²检验显示，在不同肿瘤分化组和肿瘤长径组，淋巴结转移患者和无淋巴结转移患者例数差异有统计学意义（χ²=16.928，P<0.001；χ²=12.06，P=0.002）；淋巴结转移患者和无淋巴结转移患者在年龄、性别、病变部位、肿瘤浸润深度方面差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。logistic多因素分析显示，肿瘤分化程度和肿瘤长径是淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。

肿瘤分化程度和肿瘤长径是食管癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素，淋巴结清扫及术后治疗应根据淋巴结转移情况进行综合评估。

To analyze the potential risk factors for lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer.

A retrospective study was performed on 150 patients who underwent radical surgery for esophageal cancer at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2016 to December 2017. The patient′s medical records and postoperative pathological data were recorded. Age, sex, lesion location, and tumor differentiation were analyzed. Risk factors related to lymph node metastasis in esophageal carcinoma, such as tumor infiltration depth and tumor length (long tumor diameter), were identified using single factor χ² test and Logistic multivariate analysis.

Among 150 patients with esophageal cancer, 60 had lymph node metastasis, and the positive rate was 40%. Univariate χ² test showed that lymph node metastasis was significantly associated with tumor differentiation and tumor length (χ²=16.928, P<0.001; χ²=12.06, P=0.002). Lymph node metastasis was not significantly associated with age, gender, lesion location, or depth of tumor invasion (P>0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that tumor differentiation and tumor length were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis.

Tumor differentiation and lesion length are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer. Lymph node dissection and postoperative treatment should be comprehensively evaluated according to lymph node metastasis status.