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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (11) : 833 -841. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2021.11.007

临床研究

同时性多原发结直肠癌临床病理特征及生存分析
胡旭华1, 于淼2, 柳鹏辉3, 张建锋1, 李保坤1, 王晓然1, 郭甘霖1, 于滨1, 张振亚1, 王贵英4,()   
  1. 1. 050001 石家庄,河北医科大学第四医院外二科
    2. 050017 石家庄,河北医科大学基础医学院
    3. 050001 石家庄,河北医科大学第四医院外二科;056001 河北邯郸,邯郸市第一医院肛肠外科
    4. 050001 石家庄,河北医科大学第四医院外二科;050011 石家庄,河北医科大学第三医院胃肠外科
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-01 出版日期:2021-11-15
  • 通信作者: 王贵英
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学研究课题计划(20210029); 河北省自然科学基金精准医学联合项目(H20206485); 希思科-赛生肿瘤研究基金项目(Y-2020Sciclone/qn-0064)

Analysis of clinicopathological characteristics and survival of simultaneous multiple primary colorectal cancer

Xuhua Hu1, Miao Yu2, Penghui Liu3, Jianfeng Zhang1, Baokun Li1, Xiaoran Wang1, Ganlin Guo1, Bin Yu1, Zhenya Zhang1, Guiying Wang4,()   

  1. 1. The 2nd Department of Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050001, China
    2. Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
    3. The 2nd Department of Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050001, China; Department of Anorectal Surgery, Handan First Hospital, Handan 056001, China
    4. The 2nd Department of Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050001, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
  • Received:2021-08-01 Published:2021-11-15
  • Corresponding author: Guiying Wang
引用本文:

胡旭华, 于淼, 柳鹏辉, 张建锋, 李保坤, 王晓然, 郭甘霖, 于滨, 张振亚, 王贵英. 同时性多原发结直肠癌临床病理特征及生存分析[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(11): 833-841.

Xuhua Hu, Miao Yu, Penghui Liu, Jianfeng Zhang, Baokun Li, Xiaoran Wang, Ganlin Guo, Bin Yu, Zhenya Zhang, Guiying Wang. Analysis of clinicopathological characteristics and survival of simultaneous multiple primary colorectal cancer[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(11): 833-841.

目的

探讨同时性多原发结直肠癌(sCRC)的特异性临床病理特征及远期生存预后。

方法

本研究为单中心、回顾性、病例对照研究设计,筛选2017年1月至2019年12月河北医科大学第四医院结直肠癌回顾性数据队列。根据纳入、排除标准,纳入sCRC患者79例(多原发组),并在该队列中按照1∶2随机匹配158例单原发结直肠癌患者(单原发组)。对比2组患者的一般资料、手术信息、并发症情况、病灶分布、病理资料、分子标志物等20个变量,筛选sCRC的特征变量。进行生存随访,观察患者生存结局[总生存时间(OS)]和进展情况[无进展生存期(PFS)],对比2组患者的生存差异,并进行亚组分析。

结果

(1)一般临床资料:多原发组男性(χ2=6.722,P=0.010)及合并腺瘤(χ2=22.937,P<0.001)、低蛋白血症(χ2=10.621,P=0.001)、贫血(χ2=13.709,P<0.001)、未完成结肠镜(χ2=12.253,P<0.001)、微卫星不稳定(MSI)比例(χ2=14.719,P=0.001)高于单发组;2组性别、年龄、体质量指数、家族史、癌胚抗原(CEA)、手术方式、吻合口漏、肠梗阻、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、脉管瘤栓、神经受侵、KRAS状态、BRAF状态差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)肿瘤部位:sCRC中双灶68例,三灶10例,四灶1例,其中右半结肠病灶数50个(29.41%),左半结肠病灶数120个(70.59%),对比单原发组(右半结肠17.72%,左半结肠82.28%),多原发组右半结肠占比更高(χ2=6.174,P=0.013)。(3)生存分析:中位随访时间23.1个月,7例失访,失访率为2.95%(7/237)。多原发组1年生存率为96.0%,2年生存率为90.6%,3年生存率为87.5%;单发组1年生存率为94.6%,2年生存率为87.5%,3年生存率为84.6%;2组OS无统计学差异(P=0.76)。PFS区间为0~44.5个月,平均20.6个月,2组患者PFS比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.14)。(4)亚组分析:各亚组OS差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);多原发组中合并腺瘤亚组[HR(95%CI)=0.34(0.12,0.96),P=0.042]、TNM分期0~Ⅱ期亚组[HR(95%CI)=0.20(0.05,0.76),P=0.019]和Ⅳ期亚组[HR(95%CI)=0.15(0.04,0.66),P=0.012]PFS劣于单原发组。

结论

sCRC患者多为男性,合并腺瘤、低蛋白血症、贫血、未完成结肠镜检查,MSI比例高,肿瘤常位于右半结肠。sCRC患者OS和PFS与单原发患者无差别,合并腺瘤、TNM 0~Ⅱ期及Ⅳ期的sCRC患者PFS可能更差。

Objective

To investigate the clinicopathological features and long-term survival prognosis of synchronous colorectal carcinoma (sCRC).

Methods

This is a single center retrospective, case-control study to screen the retrospective data cohort of colorectal cancer (CRC) at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2017 to December 2019. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 79 patients with multiple primary CRC and 158 patients with single primary CRC were randomly matched at 1∶2 in this cohort. General data, surgical information, complications, lesion distribution, pathological data, and molecular markers were compared between the two groups to screen the characteristic variables of sCRC. The survival outcomes (overall survival [OS] and progression-free survival [PFS]) were recorded and compared between the two groups. Subgroup analysis was also performed.

Results

(1) In the multiple primary CRC group, the percentages of patients with adenoma (χ2=22.937, P<0.001), male patients (χ2=6.722, P=0.010), and those with hypoproteinemia (χ2=10.621, P=0.001), anemia (χ2=13.709, P<0.001), incomplete colonoscopy (χ2=12.253, P<0.001), and microsatellite instability (MSI) (χ2=14.719, P=0.001) were higher than those in the single primary CRC group. There were no significant differences in gender, age, BMI, family history, CEA, operation mode, anastomotic leakage, intestinal obstruction, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, vascular tumor thrombus, nerve invasion, KRAS status or BRAF status between the two groups (P>0.05). (2) There were 68 cases with double lesions, 10 with three lesions, 1 with four lesions in sCRC, including 50 lesions in the right colon (29.41%) and 120 lesions in the left colon (70.59%). Compared with the single primary CRC group (17.72% of lesions in the right colon and 82.28% in the left colon), the proportion of lesions in the right colon in the multiple primary CRC group was significantly higher in the multiple primary CRC group (χ2=6.174, P=0.013). (3) The median follow-up time was 23.1 months, with 7 cases (2.95%) lost to follow-up. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 96.0%, 90.6%, and 87.5% in the multiple primary CRC group, and 94.6%, 87.5%, and 84.6% in the single primary CRC group; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.76). The PFS interval was 0-44.5 months, with an average of 20.6 months. There was no significant difference in PFS between the two groups (P=0.14). (4) Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in OS among subgroups (P>0.05). In the multiple primary CRC group, PFS in the multiple adenoma subgroup (hazard ratio [HR]=0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-0.96, P=0.042), stages 0-Ⅱ subgroup (HR=0.20, 95%CI: 0.05-0.76, P=0.019), and stage Ⅳ subgroup (HR=0.15, 95%CI: 0.04-0.66, P=0.012) were worse than that of the single primary CRC group.

Conclusion

sCRC is characterized by adenoma, hypoproteinemia, anemia, male predisposition, high proportion of incomplete colonoscopy, and high proportion of MSI. The tumor is often located in the right colon. There is no difference in OS and PFS between sCRC and single primary CRC, but PFS may be worse in sCRC patients with multiples adenoma and stage 0-Ⅱ and stage Ⅳ disease.

表1 2组结直肠癌患者一般临床特征比较
表2 2组结直肠癌患者手术方式、并发症及病灶位置比较
表3 2组结直肠癌患者病理结局及分子标志物状态比较[例(%)]
图1 2组结直肠癌患者总生存率和无进展生存率Kaplan-Meier曲线比较。图a为2组患者总生存率曲线及删失值情况;图b为2组患者无进展生存率曲线及删失值情况注:CRC为结直肠癌;synchronous CRC为多原发结直肠癌组;solitary CRC为单原发结直肠癌组
表4 2组结直肠癌患者OS和PFS亚组分析
项目 例数 OS PFS
HR值(95%CI Pa HR值(95%CI Pa
年龄

<60岁

86 0.57(0.14,2.43) 0.452 0.52(0.18,1.48) 0.220

≥60岁

144 1.66(0.54,5.09) 0.377 0.73(0.35,1.52) 0.400
性别

150 1.68(0.61,4.64) 0.315 0.73(0.36,1.49) 0.385

80 0.42(0.07,2.52) 0.341 0.53(0.18,1.58) 0.253
合并腺瘤

123 1.55(0.35,6.77) 0.563 0.73(0.29,1.81) 0.493

107 0.52(0.12,2.17) 0.367 0.34(0.12,0.96) 0.042
CEA≥5 ng/L

126 0.95(0.25,3.70) 0.944 0.47(0.21,1.08) 0.077

104 1.32(0.42,4.16) 0.637 0.90(0.38,2.15) 0.809
贫血

153 1.28(0.36,4.49) 0.701 0.86(0.36,2.02) 0.725

77 0.93(0.23,3.73) 0.922 0.38(0.13,1.10) 0.075
白蛋白<35 g/L

159 1.32(0.37,4.64) 0.669 0.71(0.33,1.56) 0.396

71 1.11(0.30,4.16) 0.873 0.51(0.18,1.44) 0.201
完成结肠镜检查

63 1.00(0.20,4.95) 0.999 0.92(0.37,2.33) 0.867

167 1.17(0.39,3.54) 0.780 0.61(0.27,1.37) 0.232
TNM分期

0~Ⅱ期

135 0.14(0.01,1.37) 0.091 0.20(0.05,0.76) 0.019

Ⅲ期

79 1.41(0.39,5.10) 0.599 1.30(0.52,3.28) 0.572

Ⅳ期

16 2.62(0.31,21.83 0.374 0.15(0.04,0.66) 0.012
脉管瘤栓

195 0.84(0.26,2.74) 0.771 0.56(0.28,1.15) 0.116

23 1.97(0.38,10.14 0.420 3.16(0.35,28.34) 0.304

未知

12 2.26(0.25,20.51 0.468 0.37(0.08,1.68) 0.197
神经受侵

153 0.44(0.11,1.77) 0.246 0.59(0.24,1.43) 0.242

65 1.93(0.42,8.81) 0.398 0.90(0.32,2.52) 0.835

未知

12 2.26(0.25,20.51) 0.468 0.37(0.08,1.68) 0.197
图2 2组结直肠癌患者不同亚组无进展生存(PFS)率Kaplan-Meier曲线比较。图a为合并腺瘤亚组PFS曲线(P=0.033);图b为TNM 0~Ⅱ期亚组PFS曲线(P=0.004);图c为TNM Ⅳ期亚组PFS曲线(P=0.008)注:P值经Log-Rank检验获得;synchronous CRC为多原发结直肠癌组;solitary CRC为单原发结直肠癌组
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