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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (11) : 842 -847. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2021.11.008

临床研究

基于加速康复外科理念达芬奇机器人辅助结直肠癌根治术患者近期疗效分析
张建锋1, 于淼2, 王光林1, 胡旭华1, 马洪庆1, 李保坤1, 高相鑫1, 张振亚1, 于滨1, 王贵英3,()   
  1. 1. 050011 石家庄,河北医科大学第四医院外二科
    2. 050017 石家庄,河北医科大学基础医学院
    3. 050011 石家庄,河北医科大学第四医院外二科;050000 石家庄,河北医科大学第三医院胃肠外科
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-09 出版日期:2021-11-15
  • 通信作者: 王贵英
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学研究课题计划(20210028)

Short-term effect of da Vinci robot assisted colorectal cancer operation based on enhanced recovery after surgery

Jianfeng Zhang1, Miao Yu2, Guanglin Wang1, Xuhua Hu1, Hongqing Ma1, Baokun Li1, Xiangxin Gao1, Zhenya Zhang1, Bin Yu1, Guiying Wang3,()   

  1. 1. The 2nd Surgery Department, the 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050001, China
    2. Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
    3. The 2nd Surgery Department, the 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050001, China; Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, the 3rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
  • Received:2021-08-09 Published:2021-11-15
  • Corresponding author: Guiying Wang
引用本文:

张建锋, 于淼, 王光林, 胡旭华, 马洪庆, 李保坤, 高相鑫, 张振亚, 于滨, 王贵英. 基于加速康复外科理念达芬奇机器人辅助结直肠癌根治术患者近期疗效分析[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(11): 842-847.

Jianfeng Zhang, Miao Yu, Guanglin Wang, Xuhua Hu, Hongqing Ma, Baokun Li, Xiangxin Gao, Zhenya Zhang, Bin Yu, Guiying Wang. Short-term effect of da Vinci robot assisted colorectal cancer operation based on enhanced recovery after surgery[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(11): 842-847.

目的

探讨在加速康复外科(ERAS)理念指导下达芬奇机器人辅助结直肠癌根治术患者近期疗效。

方法

回顾性分析2020年2月至2021年4月在河北医科大学第四医院外二科行达芬奇机器人辅助结直肠癌根治术的90例患者临床资料,其中,47例围术期采用ERAS干预措施管理设为ERAS组,43例患者围术期采用传统管理方法设为传统组。ERAS理念相关干预措施包括术前、术中及术后核心措施。比较2组患者一般资料、术后恢复指标、术后疼痛评分及术后并发症情况。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析。

结果

ERAS组与传统组患者年龄、性别、体质量指数、肿瘤部位、ASA评分、组织学分型及术前TNM分期相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与传统组患者相比,ERAS组首次下床活动时间[(1.9±0.8)d vs(2.6±0.9)d]、首次排气时间[(2.1±0.8)d vs(2.7±0.8)d]、首次进流质食时间[(1.8±0.7)d vs(2.8±0.8)d]、术后住院时间[(6.7±1.1)d vs(8.0±1.6)d]均较短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与传统组患者相比,ERAS组患者术后VAS疼痛评分显著降低(F组间=19.837,P<0.001)。ERAS组患者术后尿潴留(2.1% vs 16.3%,P=0.047)及总并发症(12.8% vs 32.6%,P=0.024)发生率均低于传统组,差异有统计学意义。

结论

达芬奇机器人辅助结直肠癌根治术患者围术期实施ERAS安全、有效,具有一定的临床应用价值。

Objective

To explore the short-term clinical effects of da Vinci robot assisted colorectal cancer operation based on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).

Methods

Ninety colorectal cancer patients who underwent da Vinci robot assisted colorectal cancer operation from February 2020 to April 2021 at the Second Surgery Department, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University were included and retrospectively analyzed, including 47 patients treated based on ERAS (ERAS group), and 43 who were treated traditionally (traditional group). ERAS measures included preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative core measures. General condition, postoperative recovery, postoperative pain score, and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analyses.

Results

There were no significant differences in age, gender, BMI, primary tumor, ASA score, histological classification, or preoperative TNM stage between the two groups (P>0.05). The time to ambulation [(1.9±0.8) d vs (2.6±0.9) d], time to first exhaust [(2.1±0.8) d vs (2.7±0.8) d], time to intake of liquid food [(1.8±0.7) d vs (2.8±0.8) d], and hospital stay [(6.7±1.1) d vs (8.0±1.6) d] were significantly shorter in the ERAS group than in the traditional group (P<0.001). The postoperative VAS pain score in the ERAS group was significantly lower than that of the traditional group (F=19.837, P<0.001). The incidences of postoperative urinary retention (2.1% vs 6.3%, P=0.047) and overall complications (12.8% vs 32.6%, P=0.024) in the ERAS group were significantly lower than that of the traditional group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The implement of ERAS in perioperative management of patients undergoing da Vinci robot assisted colorectal cancer operation is safe and effective, which has appreciated clinical value.

图1 机器人辅助直肠癌根治术典型病例。患者,男性,67岁,诊断直肠腺癌(cT3N0M0),行机器人辅助直肠癌Dixon术。图a为戳卡数量及分布;图b为采用中间入路,在骶骨岬平面切开乙状结肠系膜,进入并拓展Toldts间隙;图c为裸化肠系膜下动脉(IMA),清扫253组淋巴结;图d为向尾侧游离骶前间隙;图e为使用直线切割闭合器离断肿瘤远端直肠;图f为完成肠管吻合
表1 加速康复外科(ERAS)组和传统组原发性结直肠腺癌患者围术期管理方案
时间 ERAS组 传统组
术前 (1)健康宣教:通过卡片、多媒体、展板等形式介绍麻醉、手术、术后处理等围术期诊疗过程,宣教ERAS相关知识;(2)术前饮食及肠道准备:术前6 h禁食、2 h禁饮,2 h前饮用400 ml以下清亮碳水化合物饮品;(3)肠道准备:根据具体情况选择术前肠道准备的方式,不常规进行机械性肠道准备 (1)无针对性宣教;(2)术前12 h禁食,6 h禁饮;(3)常规进行肠道准备
术中 (1)通过调节手术室温度保温至25 ℃左右,对腹腔冲洗液及术中输入液体进行加温至37 ℃后使用,术中使用温毯等措施,使患者术中中心体温不低于36℃;(2)以目标导向液体治疗指导输液管理;(3)根据具体术式及术中情况等决定是否放置腹盆腔引流 (1)未强调术中保温;(2)未强调输液管理;(3)常规放置腹盆腔引流管
术后 (1)采用多模式镇痛方案进行镇痛管理;(2)患者麻醉清醒后指导进行踝泵运动,12 h后协助患者下床进行活动,保持适度活动量;(3)麻醉清醒6 h后可少量多次饮水,肠道蠕动恢复后尽早期开展肠内营养;(4)结肠癌患者术后24 h可拔除导尿管,直肠癌患者术后进行膀胱锻炼及充分评估排尿功能后酌情拔除 (1)采用镇痛泵进行镇痛;(2)未强调早期下床活动,根据患者意愿制定活动量;(3)排气后饮水,逐渐过渡到流食、普食;(4)结肠手术后一般3 d,直肠手术后7 d后拔除导尿管
表2 ERAS组和传统组原发性结直肠腺癌患者一般资料比较
表3 加速康复外科(ERAS)组和传统组原发性结直肠腺癌患者术后恢复指标比较(d,
xˉ
±s
表4 加速康复外科(ERAS)组和传统组原发性结直肠腺癌患者术后疼痛评分比较(分,
xˉ
±s
表5 加速康复外科(ERAS)组和传统组原发性结直肠腺癌患者术后并发症比较[例(%)]
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