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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (12) : 1234 -1242. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2022.12.015

临床研究

伴DNMT3A突变老年急性髓细胞白血病的分子学特点
孙维英1, 蔡晓辉2, 陈梅玉2, 贾祝霞2, 晁红颖2, 华海应3, 刘洁2, 吴品4, 卢绪章2, 秦伟2,()   
  1. 1. 213000 江苏常州,南京医科大学附属常州第二人民医院血液科;213100 江苏常州,常州市武进中医医院血液内科
    2. 213000 江苏常州,南京医科大学附属常州第二人民医院血液科
    3. 214000 江苏无锡,无锡市第三人民医院血液内科
    4. 214000 江苏无锡,无锡市第二人民医院血液内科
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-20 出版日期:2022-12-15
  • 通信作者: 秦伟
  • 基金资助:
    常州卫生局青年基金(QN202223); 常州市卫计委重大科技项目(ZD202213); 常州市应用基础研究基金(CJ20210068); 常州市卫生委员会科技项目(QN202035); 常州市第二人民医院青年科学基金(2019K002); 常州市科技项目(CE20205027); 常州市卫生委员会重大项目(ZD202018); 南京医科大学科技发展基金项目(NMUB201)

Molecular characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia with DNMT3A mutation in elderly patients

Weiying Sun1, Xiaohui Cai2, Meiyu Chen2, Zhuxia Jia2, Hongying Chao2, Haiying Hua3, Jie Liu2, Pin Wu4, Xuzhang Lu2, Wei Qin2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Hematology, Affiliated Changzhou Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China; Department of Hematology, Wujin Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou 213000, China
    2. Department of Hematology, Affiliated Changzhou Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
    3. Department of Hematology, the Third Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi 214000, China
    4. Department of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi 214000, China
  • Received:2021-08-20 Published:2022-12-15
  • Corresponding author: Wei Qin
引用本文:

孙维英, 蔡晓辉, 陈梅玉, 贾祝霞, 晁红颖, 华海应, 刘洁, 吴品, 卢绪章, 秦伟. 伴DNMT3A突变老年急性髓细胞白血病的分子学特点[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(12): 1234-1242.

Weiying Sun, Xiaohui Cai, Meiyu Chen, Zhuxia Jia, Hongying Chao, Haiying Hua, Jie Liu, Pin Wu, Xuzhang Lu, Wei Qin. Molecular characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia with DNMT3A mutation in elderly patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(12): 1234-1242.

目的

探讨125例伴DNA甲基转移酶3A(DNMT3A)突变背景下老年及年轻急性髓系白血病(AML)患者的分子学特点。

方法

选取2014年11月至2020年10月就诊于常州市第二人民医院、无锡市第二人民医院、无锡市第三人民医院等三个血液科年龄≥60岁的初发AML患者230例,从中筛选出伴有DNMT3A突变老年AML患者65例,经形态学分型、免疫分析(流式)、细胞生物学、分子生物学(MICM)分型。采用高通量DNA测序技术联合Sanger测序法检测50余种基因突变。

结果

65例伴DNMT3A突变的老年AML患者均同时携带其他基因突变,每例患者平均发生4.8(1~11)次基因突变;共存基因突变率依次为:NPM1(44.62%,29/65)、FLT3-ITD(33.33%,20/65)、TET2(23.07%,15/65)、RUNX1(15.38%,10/65)、IDH1(15.38%,10/65)、IDH2(13.85%,9/65)及PTPN11(12.31%,8/65)。与60例年轻组相比,65例老年组患者具有更低的NPM1(44.62% vs 68.33%,P=0.008)及KIT突变伴随率(0 vs 10.0%,P=0.009),更高的TET2(23.07% vs 1.67%,P=0.0001)及RUNX1突变伴随率(15.38% vs 3.33%,P=0.022),且所有ETV6及SRSF2突变均见于老年组,P值接近统计学意义(P=0.051,0.092)。功能归类后显示,60例老年组患者具有更高的表观遗传学调控基因突变伴随率,差异显著(47.69% vs 23.33%,P=0.005)。与野生型相比,共存基因突变为FLT3-ITD者具有更高的外周WBC水平(P=0.003)及更低的初次诱导完全缓解率(CR)(P=0.008),伴PTPN11基因突变的老年患者具有更高的血小板水平(P=0.048),伴NPM1、TET2、IDH1/2、RUNX1突变患者在CR率及外周血细胞水平间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。老年组患者的总体初次诱导缓解率明显低于年轻成人组(34.55% vs 73.08%,P=0.0001),伴FLT3-ITD或NPM1突变的老年AML较年轻组有更低的CR率(P=0.005,0.001)。

结论

DNMT3A突变背景下,老年AML患者常同时携带其他额外基因突变,突变类型与年轻成人组有所不同,部分共存基因突变对患者的临床特征及CR率有一定的影响。

Objective

To explore the mutational characteristics in 125 elderly and young patients with acute myeloid leukemia with DNMT3A mutation.

Methods

From November 2014 to October 2020, 230 patients with de novo AML who were ≥60 years old and diagnosed at Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Wuxi Second People's Hospital, and Wuxi Third People's Hospital were selected. Sixty-five elderly AML patients with DNMT3A mutation were screened out, and tumor typing was performed by morphological typing, immunoassay (flow cytometry), cell biology, and molecular biology (MICM) typing. A total of 51 gene mutations were detected using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing.

Results

All the 65 elderly cases had co-mutations at diagnosis, and there was an average number of mutations of 4.8 (range, 1-11) per case in addition to DNMT3A mutation. The most common concomitant mutation was NPM1 (44.62%, 29/65), followed by FLT3-ITD (33.33%, 20/65), TET2 (23.07%, 15/65), RUNX1 (15.38%, 10/65), IDH1 (15.38%, 10/65), IDH2 (13.85%, 9/65), and PTPN11 (12.31%, 8/65). Compared with the 60 young AML patients with DNMT3A, both NPM1 (44.62% vs. 68.33%, P=0.008) and KIT (0 vs 10.0%, P=0.009) mutations were found less frequently in 65 elderly patients. However, elderly AML patients had a signi?cantly higher incidence of TET2 (23.07% vs 1.67%, P=0.0001) and RUNX1 (15.38% vs 3.33%, P=0.022) mutations than oung AML patient, and all ETV6 and SRSF2 mutations were found in the elderly group (P=0.051 and 0.092, respectively). Functionally, 65 elderly patients had a higher incidence of epigenetic regulatory gene mutations, and the difference was significant between the two groups (47.69% vs 23.33%, P=0.005). Compared with patients with a wild-type locus, patients with FLT3-ITD mutations exhibited higher peripheral WBC levels (P=0.003) and lower induced initial complete remission (CR) (P=0.008). Elderly patients with PTPN11 gene mutation had higher platelet levels (P=0.048). Elderly patients with NPM1, TET2, IDH1/2, and RUNX1 mutations had no statistically significant difference in CR rates or peripheral blood cell levels. The overall induced initial remission rate was significantly lower in the elderly patients than in the young patients (34.55% vs 73.08%, P=0.0001). Elderly AML patients with FLT3-ITD or NPM1 mutation had a lower CR rate than young adults (P=0.005, 0.001).

Conclusion

AML elderly patients with DNMT3A mutation commonly show additional mutations. The mutational landscape is different from that of young patients. Some coexisting gene mutations have a certain impact on the clinical characteristics and CR rate of AML elderly patients.

表1 DNMT3A突变AML患者的临床及实验室资料
表2 DNMT3A突变背景下老年及年轻AML患者的基因突变分析[例(%)]
突变基因 总数(n=125) <60岁(n=60) ≥60岁(n=65) P
NPM1 70(56) 41(68.33) 29(44.62) 0.008
信号通路 85(68) 44(73.33) 41(63.08) 0.219
KIT 6(4.8) 6(10) 0(0) 0.009
PTPN11 14(11.2) 6(10) 8(12.31) 0.683
NRAS 15(12) 8(13.33) 7(10.77) 0.659
KRAS 6(4.8) 2(3.33) 4(6.15) 0.461
FLT3-ITD 41(32.8) 21(35) 20(33.33) 0.615
CSF3R, 6(4.8) 2(3.33) 4(6.15) 0.461
RELN 5(4) 2(3.33) 3(4.62) 0.715
NOTCH1 6(4.8) 1(1.67) 5(7.69) 0.115
NOTCH2 3(2.4) 1(1.67) 2(3.08) 0.607
JAK2 1(0.8) 0(0) 1(1.54) 0.335
SH2B3 2(1.6) 1(1.67) 1(1.54) 0.954
去甲基化调节基因 45(36) 14(23.33) 31(47.69) 0.005
TET2 16(12.8) 1(1.67) 15(23.07) 0.0001
IDH1 19(15.2) 10(16.67) 10(15.38) 0.845
IDH2 14(11.2) 5(8.33) 9(13.85) 0.329
转录因子 39(31.2) 16(26.67) 23(35.38) 0.293
ETV6 4(3.2) 0 4(6.15) 0.051
RUNX1 12(9.6) 2(3.33) 10(15.38) 0.022
GATA2 6(4.8) 3(5) 3(4.62) 0.920
SETBP1 2(1.6) 1(1.67) 1(1.54) 0.954
CEBPAdm 4(3.2) 2(3.33) 2(3.08) 0.935
CEBPASm 4(3.2) 3(5) 1(1.54) 0.272
剪切子 6(4.8) 1(1.67) 5(7.69) 0.115
SRSF2 3(2.4) 0 3(4.62) 0.092
SF3B1 3(2.4) 1(1.67) 2(3.08) 0.607
抑癌基因 14(11.2) 5(8.33) 9(13.85) 0.329
TP53 3(2.4) 1(1.67) 2(3.08) 0.607
FAT1 8(6.4) 3(5) 5(7.69) 0.539
WT1 3(2.4) 1(1.67) 2(3.08) 0.607
染色质修饰基因 13(10.4) 6(10) 7(10.07) 0.888
ASXL1 4(3.2) 1(1.67) 3(4.62) 0.349
EZH2 40(3.2) 2(1.67) 2(3.08) 0.935
BCOR 7(5.6) 4(6.67) 3(4.62) 0.618
图1 DNMT3A突变背景下老年AML和年轻AML组常见共存基因突变 注:DNMT3A为甲基化转移酶3A;AML为急性髓系白血病
图2 DNMT3A突变背景下,老年AML和年轻AML患者共存基因突变发生情况。图a为2组常见的共存基因突变;图b为2组患者基因突变个数;图c为2组功能基因突变情况 注:DNMT3A为甲基化转移酶3A;AML为急性髓系白血病
表3 伴DNMT3A突变老年AML与年轻成人AML患者常见突变参数分析
表4 FLT3-ITD及NPM1突变对伴DNMT3A突变老年AML部分临床参数的影响
表5 TET2及IDH1突变对伴DNMT3A突变老年AML部分临床参数的影响
表6 RUNX1及IDH2突变对伴DNMT3A突变老年AML部分临床参数的影响
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