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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (10) : 1033 -1039. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2023.10.002

所属专题: 临床药学

临床研究

抗精神病药物浓度监测结果与国内外标准的对比研究
刘小溪, 岳莹莹, 耿家华, 袁勇贵()   
  1. 作者单位:276400 临沂,临沂市中心医院精神卫生科
    210009 南京,东南大学附属中大医院心身医学科
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-01 出版日期:2023-10-15
  • 通信作者: 袁勇贵
  • 基金资助:
    临沂市重点研发计划(2023XY0025)

Comparison of antipsychotic drug concentration monitoring results based on domestic and international standards

Xiaoxi Liu, Yingying Yue, Jiahua Geng, Yonggui Yuan()   

  1. Department of Mental Health, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, China
    Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
  • Received:2023-09-01 Published:2023-10-15
  • Corresponding author: Yonggui Yuan
引用本文:

刘小溪, 岳莹莹, 耿家华, 袁勇贵. 抗精神病药物浓度监测结果与国内外标准的对比研究[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(10): 1033-1039.

Xiaoxi Liu, Yingying Yue, Jiahua Geng, Yonggui Yuan. Comparison of antipsychotic drug concentration monitoring results based on domestic and international standards[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(10): 1033-1039.

目的

分析某三级甲等综合医院10种抗精神病药物浓度监测结果,结合临床与国内外治疗药物监测(TDM)标准进行对比,为合理安全使用抗精神病药物提供临床依据。

方法

比较10种抗精神病药物TDM的国内外相关标准,依据上述两种标准回顾性对比分析临沂市中心医院2019年1月~2022年12月临床达到治疗有效的精神分裂症患者的抗精神病药物浓度监测结果,并比较不同性别及年龄患者药物浓度结果的差异。

结果

7145例抗精神病药物浓度监测结果,按照神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(AGNP)的TDM指南与2022年中国精神科TDM临床应用专家共识,总体处于低于参考浓度、合理浓度者及实验室警戒值发生率差异无统计学意义。按照2022年中国精神科TDM临床应用专家共识,样本中氨磺必利高于参考浓度者及危急值发生率明显减少,与AGNP标准相比差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);而奥氮平危急值发生率较AGNP高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);按2022年中国精神科TDM临床应用专家共识分,样本中奥氮平及氨磺必利浓度在低于/高于警戒值浓度时,患者治疗副反应量表(TESS)评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而按照AGNP标准,氨磺必利在低于/高于警戒值浓度时患者TESS评分差异无统计学意义。在用药平均剂量无统计学差异的前提下,女性患者氨磺必利、舒必利、氯氮平、奥氮平、氯丙嗪药物浓度显著高于男性患者(P<0.01),阿立哌唑药物浓度男性显著高于女性(P<0.01);不同年龄分组间帕立哌酮、氯氮平、喹硫平、奥氮平、利培酮药物浓度的中位数差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),帕立哌酮组中,成年及老年组之间有统计学差异(P<0.05);氯氮平组中,青少年及老年组,成年及老年组之间有显著统计学差异(P<0.01);喹硫平组中,老年及青少年组、成年及青少年组之间有显著统计学差异(P<0.01);奥氮平组中,老年及青少年组、老年及成年组有显著统计学差异(P<0.01);利培酮组中,成年及老年组间有显著统计学差异(P<0.01),青少年及老年组之间有统计学差异(P<0.05),其它药物浓度在不同年龄分组中无显著差异。

结论

《中国精神科治疗药物监测临床应用专家共识(2022年版)》对国内综合医院患者用药可能更有指导意义;同时建议根据TDM结果,按照药物种类、性别、年龄等制定符合患者个体化用药方案,定期评价其临床适宜性,不仅可以减少医疗事故的发生,确保患者生命安全,同时也是提升医院管理水平的一项重要措施。

Objective

To conduct an analysis of the concentration monitoring results for 10 antipsychotic drugs in a tertiary general hospital, and compare them based on clinical and domesticand/international standards, with an aim to provide a solid clinical foundation for the rational and safe utilization of antipsychotic medications.

Methods

The domestic and international standards related to therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of 10 antipsychotic drugs were compared. The results of antipsychotic drug concentration monitoring of schizophrenia patients who clinically achieved therapeutically effective treatment at Linyi Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were then analyzed based on the two standards mentioned above. The differences in the results of drug concentrations in patients of different genders and ages were compared.

Results

Based on the results of antipsychotic drug concentration monitoring in 7145 cases, according to the TDM guidelines of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) and the 2022 Chinese Psychiatric Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of TDM (hereinafter referred to as "Expert Consensus"), the overall difference in the incidence of drug concentrations below the reference concentration, reasonable concentrations, and laboratory alert values was not statistically significant. According to the Expert Consensus, the incidence of amisulpride concentrations higher than the reference concentration and critical values in the sample was significantly lower compared with that based on the AGNP guidelines (P<0.01), whereas the incidence of olanzapine critical values was significantly higher than that based on the AGNP guidelines (P<0.05). According to the Expert Consensus, the incidence of olanzapine critical values in the sample was significantly higher than that based on the AGNP guidelines (P<0.05). According to the Expert Consensus, the difference in Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) scores of patients with olanzapine and amisulpride concentrations lower/higher than the alert value in the sample was statistically significant (P<0.05), while the difference in TESS scores of patients with amisulpride concentrations lower/higher than the alert value was not statistically significant according to the AGNP criteria. Under the premise that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean dosage of medication, the drug concentrations of amisulpride, sulpiride, clozapine, olanzapine, and chlorpromazine were significantly higher in female patients than in male patients (P<0.01), and the drug concentration of aripiprazole was significantly higher in males than in females (P<0.01). The differences in the median drug concentrations of paliperidone, clozapine, quetiapine, olanzapine, and risperidone among different age subgroups were all statistically significant (P<0.05). In the paliperidone group, there was a statistically significant difference between the adult and elderly groups (P<0.05); in the clozapine group, there was a statistically significant difference between the adolescent and elderly groups, and between the adult and elderly groups (P<0.01); in the quetiapine group, there was a statistically significant difference between the elderly and adolescent groups, between the elderly and adolescent groups, and between the adult and adolescent groups (P<0.01); in the olanzapine group, there was a statistically significant difference between the elderly and adolescent group, and between the elderly and adult groups (P<0.01); in the risperidone group, there was a statistically significant difference between the adult and elderly groups (P<0.01) and between the adolescent and elderly groups (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the other drug concentrations among different age groups.

Conclusion

The Expert Consensus can provide more valuable guidance for medication usage in domestic general hospitals. It is also recommended that individualized medication regimens be developed based on TDM results, taking into account the specific type of medication, gender, and age of each patient. Regular evaluation of their clinical appropriateness should be conducted to not only reduce medical malpractice and ensure patient safety but also enhance hospital management.

表1 抗精神病药物治疗参考浓度及实验室警戒浓度
表2 两种不同分类方法对于常用抗精神病药物的血药浓度水平比较[例(%)]
药物 总数 AGNP标准 2022国内专家共识标准 P
低于 合理 高于 危急值 低于 合理 高于 危急值
氨磺必利 157 19(12.10) 60(38.22) 59(37.58) 19(12.10) 19(12.10) 115*(73.25) 22*(14.01) 1*(0.64%) <0.01
舒必利 133 29(21.80) 96(72.18) 0(0) 8(6.02) 29(21.80) 96(72.18) 0(0) 8(6.02) -
帕立哌酮 101 27(26.73) 54(53.47) 17(16.83) 3(2.97) 27(26.73) 54(53.47) 17(16.83) 3(2.97) -
氯氮平 1759 1080(61.40) 443(25.18) 207(11.77) 29(1.65) 1080(61.40) 443(25.18) 207(11.77) 291.65 -
利培酮 1066 268(25.14) 665(62.38) 124(11.63) 9(0.84) 268(25.14) 665(62.38) 124(11.63) 9(0.84) -
喹硫平 1564 635(40.60) 851(54.41) 74(4.73) 4(0.26) 635(40.60) 851(54.41) 74(4.73) 4(0.26) -
奥氮平 1219 460(37.74) 674(55.29) 82(6.73) 3(0.25) 460(37.74) 674(55.29) 75(6.15) 10*(0.82) 0.043
阿立哌唑 693 214(30.88) 434(62.63) 44(6.35) 1(0.14) 214(30.88) 434(62.63) 44(6.35) 1(0.14) -
齐拉西酮 84 10(11.90) 60(71.43) 14(16.67) 0(0) 10(11.90) 607(1.43) 14(16.67) 0(0) -
氯丙嗪 369 170(46.07) 199(53.93) 0(0) 0(0) 170(46.07) 199(53.93) 0(0) 0(0) -
总计 7145 2912(40.76) 3536(49.49) 62(18.69) 76(1.06) 2912(40.76) 3591(50.26) 547(7.66) 65(0.91) 0.053
表3 2组不同分类方法TESS量表评分比较
表4 抗精神病药物性别与用药剂量
表5 抗精神病药物性别与TDM浓度
表6 年龄组与用药剂量
表7 年龄组与药物浓度水平浓度
表8 各药物浓度水平与年龄间的成对比较
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