切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (02) : 117 -128. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2025.02.004

临床研究

血清电解质水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重患者一年内再入院的相关性
昌淑婷1, 陈明明1, 许云鹏1, 韩雪1, 陈秋雨1, 刘健1,2,()   
  1. 1. 730000 甘肃兰州,兰州大学第一临床医学院
    2. 730000 甘肃兰州,甘肃省妇幼保健院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-01 出版日期:2025-02-15
  • 通信作者: 刘健
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技计划项目(重点研发计划)(20YF8FA082)

Association between serum electrolyte levels and readmission within one year in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Shuting Chang1, Mingming Chen1, Yunpeng Xu1, Xue Han1, Qiuyu Chen1, Jian Liu1,2,()   

  1. 1. First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000,China
    2. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital,Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2025-02-01 Published:2025-02-15
  • Corresponding author: Jian Liu
引用本文:

昌淑婷, 陈明明, 许云鹏, 韩雪, 陈秋雨, 刘健. 血清电解质水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重患者一年内再入院的相关性[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 117-128.

Shuting Chang, Mingming Chen, Yunpeng Xu, Xue Han, Qiuyu Chen, Jian Liu. Association between serum electrolyte levels and readmission within one year in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(02): 117-128.

目的

本研究旨在探讨血清电解质水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)患者不良预后的相关性,为AECOPD预后管理提供新的线索。

方法

这项回顾性研究最终纳入我院2021年10月至2023年5月收治的AECOPD患者535例。血清电解质水平(钠离子、钙离子)被视为暴露因素,AECOPD不良预后(是否一年内再入院)被视为结局因素。采用Cox回归分析、亚组分析、敏感性分析、Kaplan-Meier生存分析评估血清钠离子、钙离子与一年内再入院风险的相关性。

结果

与无一年内再入院的患者相比,一年内再住院患者的钠离子水平更低而钙离子水平更高(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析证实,更低的钠离子和更高的钙离子都与一年内再入院风险独立相关(P<0.05)。大多数亚组分析和两项敏感性分析也一致证实了钠离子、钙离子与一年内再入院风险相关性的稳健性(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析表明,一年内再入院的累积风险在不同钠离子和钙离子分组中均具差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论

血清钠离子和钙离子水平与AECOPD患者一年内再入院风险独立相关,这提示血清电解质水平在AECOPD患者的预后管理中可能具有重要的临床价值。

Objective

Current evidence shows that serum electrolyte levels play an important role in the occurrence and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the research on its correlation with the poor prognosis of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum electrolyte levels and poor prognosis in patients with AECOPD, in order to provide new clues for the prognosis management of AECOPD.

Methods

This retrospective study ultimately included 535 AECOPD patients admitted to Lanzhou University First Hospital from October 2021 to May 2023. Serum electrolyte levels (sodium and calcium) were assessed as exposure factors, while the poor prognosis of AECOPD (presence or absence of readmission within one year) served as the outcome factor. Cox regression analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between serum sodium and calcium and the risk of readmission within one year.

Results

Compared with patients non-readmitted within one year, readmitted patients had lower sodium and higher calcium levels (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that lower sodium and higher calcium levels were independently associated with the risk of readmission within one year (P<0.05). Most of the subgroup analyses and the two sensitivity analyses also consistently confirmed the robustness of the association. Finally,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed significant differences in cumulative risk of readmission within one year among different sodium and calcium groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Serum sodium and calcium levels are independently associated with the risk of readmission within one year in patients with AECOPD,suggesting that serum electrolyte levels may have important clinical value in the prognostic management of AECOPD patients.

续表1
变量 总人群 无一年内再入院 一年内再入院 t/Z/χ 2 P
年龄(岁,xˉ±s) 67.68±9.77 67.21±9.78 68.76±9.68 -1.680 0.094
性别[n(%)] 1.555 0.212
男性 365(68.2) 249(66.6) 116(72.0)
女性 170(31.8) 125(33.4) 45(28.0)
吸烟[n(%)] 186(34.8) 123(32.9) 63(39.1) 1.934 0.164
饮酒[n(%)] 111(20.7) 70(18.7) 41(25.5) 3.118 0.077
糖尿病[n(%)] 125(23.4) 63(16.8) 62(38.5) 29.502 <0.001
高血压[n(%)] 299(55.9) 192(51.3) 107(66.5) 10.441 0.001
胸腔积液[n(%)] 61(11.4) 39(10.4) 22(13.7) 1.167 0.280
肺源性心脏病[n(%)] 155(29) 95(25.4) 60(37.3) 7.701 0.006
呼吸衰竭[n(%)] 0.191 0.909
316(59.3) 224(59.9) 92(57.9)
Ⅰ型 175(32.8) 121(32.4) 54(34)
Ⅱ型 42(7.9) 29(7.8) 13(8.2)
低氧血症[n(%)] 2.214 0.529
100(18.8) 66(17.6) 34(21.4)
轻度 216(40.5) 158(42.2) 58(36.5)
中度 192(36) 134(35.8) 58(36.5)
重度 25(4.7) 16(4.3) 9(5.7)
COPD 严重程度[n(%)] 3.471 0.062
轻- 中度 305(57) 223(59.6) 82(50.9)
重- 极重度 230(43) 151(40.4) 79(49.1)
BMI(kg/m2xˉ±s) 22.95±3.92 22.91±3.88 23.03±4.01 -0.323 0.747
收缩压(mmHg,xˉ±s) 135.50±20.89 135.85±21.36 134.70±19.78 0.582 0.561
舒张压(mmHg,xˉ±s) 79.53±13.83 79.70±13.64 79.16±14.30 0.409 0.683
变量 总人群 无一年内再入院 一年内再入院 t/Z/χ 2 P
白细胞计数(109/L,xˉ±s) 6.75±2.70 6.57±2.49 7.18±3.11 -2.206 0.028
血红蛋白(g/L,xˉ±s) 148.06±26.37 147.55±25.92 149.25±27.41 -0.686 0.493
血小板计数(109/L) 180.00(141.00,226.00) 184.50(147.75,229.00) 175.00(114.50,211.50) -2.750 0.006
淋巴细胞(%) 21.70(13.90,28.90) 22.55(14.85,29.93) 19.50(12.30,27.15) -3.096 0.002
中性粒细胞(%,xˉ±s) 68.61±12.99 67.66±12.54 70.83±13.76 -2.508 0.013
RDW-CV(%,xˉ±s) 14.26±1.91 14.18±1.84 14.44±2.06 -1.456 0.146
RDW-SD(fL,xˉ±s) 48.34±7.01 48.07±6.95 48.98±7.13 -1.385 0.167
未成熟粒细胞计数(109/L) 0.01(0,0.02) 0.01(0,0.02) 0.01(0,0.03) -1.116 0.265
降钙素原(ng/ml) 0.04(0.03,0.06) 0.04(0.03,0.06) 0.04(0.03,0.07) -1.293 0.196
AST(U/L) 20.00(16.00,27.00) 21.00(17.00,28.00) 19(16.00,27.00) -1.759 0.079
ALT(U/L) 18.00(12.00,27.00) 19.00(13.00,27.25) 17.00(11.00,27.00) -1.814 0.070
总胆红素(μmol/L) 14.60(11.20,19.40) 14.40(11.18,18.65) 15.00(11.50,21.50) -1.555 0.120
白蛋白(g/L,xˉ±s) 39.49±4.69 39.36±4.78 39.79±4.48 -0.967 0.334
前白蛋白(mg/L,xˉ±s) 181.44±54.94 182.96±54.19 177.94±56.65 0.967 0.334
肌酐(μmol/L,xˉ±s) 72.84±25.26 71.25±20.33 76.55±33.85 -2.234 0.026
尿酸/(μmol/L,xˉ±s) 336.59±117.89 327.07±110.47 358.70±131.29 -2.865 0.004
K(mmol/L,xˉ±s) 3.95±0.43 3.94±0.41 3.95±0.48 -0.174 0.862
Na(mmol/L,xˉ±s) 140.32±3.23 140.52±2.79 139.86±4.04 2.192 0.029
Ca(mmol/L,xˉ±s) 2.11±0.18 2.10±0.18 2.14±0.16 -2.474 0.014
无机磷(mmol/L,xˉ±s) 1.13±0.22 1.12±0.22 1.15±0.21 -1.060 0.290
葡萄糖(mmol/L) 4.67(4.13,5.81) 5.38(4.47,6.69) 5.58(4.58,7.22) -4.041 <0.001
总胆固醇(mmol/L,xˉ±s) 3.98±0.98 4.00±0.96 3.92±1.01 0.814 0.416
甘油三酯(mmol/L) 1.01(0.77,1.40) 1.09(0.79,1.61) 1.09(0.85,1.21) -0.368 0.713
HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.05(0.86,1.25) 1.03(0.86,1.21) 0.95(0.78,1.19) -1.691 0.091
LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.54(2.07,3.03) 2.55(2.10,2.89) 2.44(1.96,3.04) -0.280 0.780
脂蛋白a(mg/dL) 13.08(6.57,27.72) 11.52(5.72,25.70) 12.29(6.85,26.72) -0.428 0.669
同型半胱氨酸(μmol/L) 16.60(12.60,23.20) 15.25(10.53,23.03) 17.00(12.40,23.50) -0.036 0.971
HbA1C(%) 6.20(5.50,7.30) 6.30(5.39,7.39) 6.10(5.60,7.10) -0.265 0.791
凝血酶原时间(s,xˉ±s) 12.12±1.73 11.98±1.57 12.45±2.02 -2.596 0.010
纤维蛋白原含量(g/L,xˉ±s) 3.33±0.95 3.33±0.88 3.34±1.10 -0.159 0.874
活化部分凝血活酶时间(s) 31.50(29.30,33.90) 31.25(29.30,33.90) 31.70(29.30,34.50) -1.133 0.257
D-D(μg/ml) 0.45(0.28,0.87) 0.45(0.28,0.92) 0.44(0.28,0.84) -0.147 0.883
纤维蛋白(原)降解产物(μg/ml) 1.41(0.93,2.24) 1.45(0.96,2.35) 1.33(0.91,2.12) -0.727 0.467
FVC(L) 2.34(1.89,2.94) 2.41(1.91,3.06) 2.29(1.85,2.88) -1.366 0.172
FEV1(L) 1.21(0.85,1.67) 1.26(0.88,1.69) 1.12(0.80,1.55) -2.234 0.025
FEV1% pred(L) 54.50(37.70,68.90) 57.15(40.08,69.93) 50.00(32.60,66.95) -2.747 0.006
FEV1/FVC(%,xˉ±s) 53.23±12.80 53.79±12.46 51.93±13.50 1.539 0.124
RV-SB(L) 2.33(1.93,2.86) 2.34(1.96,2.88) 2.33(1.88,2.86) -0.512 0.609
RV/TLC-SB(%,xˉ±s) 51.00±10.11 50.78±10.00 51.50±10.37 -0.750 0.453
TLC-SB(L,xˉ±s) 4.92±1.20 4.97±1.25 4.80±1.07 1.528 0.127
续表2
变量 回归系数 标准误 HR 95%CI P
年龄 0.014 0.008 1.014 0.998~1.031 0.087
性别(男性) 0.211 0.176 1.235 0.875~1.742 0.230
吸烟 0.228 0.161 1.257 0.916~1.724 0.157
饮酒 0.347 0.181 1.414 0.992~2.016 0.055
糖尿病 0.905 0.162 2.473 1.799~3.398 <0.001
高血压 0.545 0.167 1.724 1.243~2.392 0.001
胸腔积液 0.306 0.229 1.358 0.866~2.129 0.183
肺源性心脏病 0.477 0.163 1.612 1.171~2.219 0.003
呼吸衰竭
参考
Ⅰ型 0.079 0.171 1.082 0.773~1.514 0.647
Ⅱ型 0.091 0.296 1.096 0.613~1.959 0.758
低氧血症
参考
轻度 -0.297 0.216 0.743 0.486~1.134 0.169
中度 -0.142 0.216 0.867 0.568~1.325 0.510
重度 0.068 0.375 1.070 0.513~2.231 0.857
COPD 严重程度
轻- 中度 参考
重- 极重度 0.290 0.158 1.337 0.982~1.821 0.065
BMI 0.006 0.020 1.006 0.967~1.047 0.771
收缩压 -0.002 0.004 0.998 0.990~1.005 0.510
舒张压 -0.003 0.006 0.997 0.985~1.008 0.574
白细胞计数 0.066 0.025 1.069 1.017~1.123 0.009
血红蛋白 0.001 0.003 1.001 0.996~1.007 0.625
血小板计数 -0.003 0.001 0.997 0.995~0.999 0.006
淋巴细胞百分比 -0.029 0.008 0.972 0.956~0.987 <0.001
中性粒细胞百分比 0.018 0.006 1.018 1.005~1.031 0.006
RDW-CV 0.055 0.037 1.057 0.983~1.136 0.133
RDW-SD 0.014 0.010 1.014 0.995~1.034 0.152
未成熟粒细胞计数 3.712 1.352 40.943 2.894~579.288 0.006
降钙素原 0.093 0.068 1.098 0.961~1.254 0.169
AST 0.002 0.002 1.002 0.999~1.005 0.203
ALT 0.002 0.001 1.002 0.999~1.004 0.212
总胆红素 0.009 0.007 1.009 0.995~1.023 0.218
白蛋白 0.016 0.017 1.016 0.982~1.051 0.368
前白蛋白 -0.002 0.001 0.998 0.996~1.001 0.287
肌酐 0.008 0.003 1.008 1.003~1.013 0.003
尿酸 0.002 0.001 1.002 1.001~1.003 0.002
K 0.067 0.190 1.070 0.736~1.554 0.724
Na -0.047 0.020 0.954 0.918~0.992 0.019
Ca 1.283 0.498 3.606 1.358~9.569 0.010
变量 回归系数 标准误 HR 95%CI P
无机磷 0.426 0.350 1.532 0.772~3.039 0.223
葡萄糖 0.117 0.026 1.124 1.068~1.182 <0.001
总胆固醇 -0.074 0.084 0.929 0.788~1.094 0.376
甘油三酯 -0.021 0.135 0.979 0.751~1.277 0.877
HDL-C -0.436 0.271 0.647 0.380~1.101 0.108
LDL-C -0.045 0.112 0.956 0.768~1.191 0.690
脂蛋白a -0.001 0.004 0.999 0.992~1.006 0.817
同型半胱氨酸 0.002 0.005 1.002 0.992~1.011 0.743
HbA1C -0.009 0.062 0.991 0.878~1.119 0.884
凝血酶原时间 0.095 0.031 1.100 1.036~1.167 0.002
纤维蛋白原含量 0.047 0.087 1.048 0.884~1.243 0.590
活化部分凝血活酶时间 0 0.001 1.000 0.997~1.002 0.769
D-D 0.035 0.029 1.035 0.978~1.096 0.232
纤维蛋白(原)降解产物 0.012 0.014 1.012 0.985~1.039 0.400
FVC -0.165 0.097 0.848 0.700~1.026 0.091
FEV1 -0.310 0.142 0.733 0.555~0.968 0.029
FEV1% pred -0.010 0.004 0.990 0.983~0.997 0.006
FEV1/FVC -0.009 0.006 0.991 0.979~1.003 0.147
RV-SB -0.092 0.101 0.912 0.748~1.111 0.360
RV/TLC-SB 0.005 0.008 1.005 0.990~1.020 0.526
TLC-SB -0.109 0.069 0.897 0.784~1.026 0.114
表3 一年内再入院的多因素Cox回归分析
表4 Na与一年内再入院风险的分层关联
病例资料 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 趋势性分析P
参考 HR(95%CI) P HR(95%CI) P HR(95%CI) P
性别
男性 参考 0.968(0.573~1.637) 0.904 0.792(0.448~1.401) 0.424 1.004(0.591~1.704) 0.989 0.842
女性 参考 0.520(0.181~1.495) 0.225 0.244(0.092~0.644) 0.004 0.335(0.127~0.883) 0.027 0.027
年龄
≤60 岁 参考 0.892(0.301~2.638) 0.836 1.314(0.462~3.736) 0.609 1.007(0.336~3.015) 0.991 0.921
>60 岁 参考 0.909(0.550~1.502) 0.708 0.567(0.328~0.980) 0.042 0.742(0.450~1.223) 0.242 0.194
吸烟
参考 0.734(0.338~1.594) 0.434 0.890(0.409~1.938) 0.770 1.224(0.560~2.674) 0.613 0.692
参考 0.900(0.504~1.607) 0.721 0.538(0.292~0.993) 0.047 0.666(0.379~1.170) 0.157 0.174
高血压
参考 0.957(0.544~1.682) 0.879 0.686(0.391~1.204) 0.189 0.833(0.485~1.431) 0.509 0.577
参考 0.660(0.304~1.433) 0.293 0.506(0.199~1.284) 0.152 0.742(0.334~1.648) 0.463 0.504
糖尿病
参考 1.820(0.813~4.072) 0.145 1.990(0.786~5.040) 0.147 1.216(0.513~2.879) 0.657 0.361
参考 0.616(0.341~1.112) 0.108 0.491(0.272~0.886) 0.018 0.705(0.403~1.234) 0.221 0.104
肺源性心脏病
参考 0.413(0.161~1.058) 0.065 0.596(0.251~1.414) 0.240 0.969(0.492~1.907) 0.926 0.189
参考 0.965(0.567~1.644) 0.896 0.668(0.375~1.191) 0.172 0.583(0.310~1.097) 0.094 0.232
COPD 严重程度
轻- 中度 参考 0.998(0.534~1.867) 0.995 0.650(0.338~1.252) 0.198 0.666(0.348~1.277) 0.221 0.375
重- 极重度 参考 0.680(0.349~1.324) 0.257 0.600(0.291~1.237) 0.167 0.838(0.445~1.577) 0.584 0.490
表5 Ca与一年内再入院风险的分层关联
病例资料 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 趋势性分析P
参考 HR(95%CI) P HR(95%CI) P HR(95%CI) P
性别
男性 参考 1.135(0.661~1.948) 0.647 0.818(0.456~1.466) 0.499 1.846(1.087~3.135) 0.023 0.029
女性 参考 1.501(0.545~4.133) 0.432 0.970(0.352~2.671) 0.952 1.331(0.474~3.737) 0.587 0.732
年龄
≤60 岁 参考 0.869(0.248~3.051) 0.827 1.064(0.340~3.327) 0.915 1.824(0.672~4.951) 0.238 0.502
>60 岁 参考 1.517(0.896~2.569) 0.121 1.030(0.586~1.808) 0.919 2.278(1.341~3.869) 0.002 0.006
吸烟
参考 1.738(0.835~3.616) 0.139 1.033(0.415~2.571) 0.944 2.107(0.973~4.562) 0.059 0.177
参考 1.102(0.597~2.034) 0.757 0.776(0.414~1.455) 0.430 1.587(0.878~2.869) 0.127 0.112
高血压
参考 2.098(1.164~3.781) 0.014 1.156(0.614~2.175) 0.654 2.674(1.496~4.778) 0.001 0.002
参考 0.663(0.285~1.542) 0.340 0.824(0.365~1.858) 0.640 1.314(0.596~2.895) 0.499 0.453
糖尿病
参考 1.917(0.833~4.413) 0.126 1.653(0.717~3.812) 0.238 2.270(1.031~4.999) 0.042 0.222
参考 1.188(0.659~2.143) 0.566 0.692(0.365~1.313) 0.260 1.484(0.831~2.648) 0.182 0.098
肺源性心脏病
参考 2.170(1.004~4.691) 0.049 0.920(0.379~2.231) 0.853 2.118(0.991~4.527) 0.053 0.056
参考 1.219(0.665~2.234) 0.522 1.090(0.584~2.036) 0.786 1.910(1.062~3.434) 0.031 0.108
COPD 严重程度
轻- 中度 参考 1.339(0.675~2.656) 0.404 1.365(0.683~2.728) 0.378 2.836(1.447~5.556) 0.002 0.011
重- 极重度 参考 1.779(0.912~3.472) 0.091 0.736(0.330~1.643) 0.454 1.478(0.758~2.882) 0.252 0.085
表6 一年内再入院患者多因素Cox敏感性分析
表7 一年内再入院患者多因素Cox敏感性分析
图1 一年内再入院累积发生率在Na和Ca不同分组中的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线
1
Christenson SA, Smith BM, Bafadhel M, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [J]. Lancet, 2022, 399(10342): 2227-2242.
2
Agustí A, Celli BR, Criner GJ, et al. Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease 2023 report: GOLD executive summary [J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2023, 207(7): 819-837.
3
Elshof J, Vonk JM, van der Pouw A, et al. Clinical practice of noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [J]. Respir Res, 2023, 24(1): 208.
4
Lüthi-Corridori G, Boesing M, Ottensarendt N, et al. Predictors of length of stay, mortality and rehospitalization in COPD patients: a retrospective cohort study [J]. J Clin Med, 2023, 12(16): 5322.
5
Graul EL, Nordon C, Rhodes K, et al. Temporal risk of nonfatal cardiovascular events after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: a population-based study [J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2024, 209(8): 960-972.
6
Chow R, So OW, Im JHB, et al. Predictors of readmission, for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - a systematic review [J]. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2023, 18: 2581-2617.
7
Peña VS, Miravitlles M, Gabriel R, et al. Geographic variations in prevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD: results of the IBERPOC multicentre epidemiological study [J]. Chest, 2000, 118(4): 981-989.
8
Xu T, Sun W, Zhao H, et al. Characteristics of 12-month readmission for hospitalized patients with COPD: a propensity score matched analysis of prospective multicenter study [J]. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2022, 17: 2329-2341.
9
王凤燕, 张冬莹, 梁振宇, 等. 面向全科医生的《慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊治指南(2021年修订版)》解读 [J]. 中国全科医学, 2021,24(29): 3660-3663, 3677.
10
Sandau C, Hansen EF, Pedersen L, et al. Hypoxemia and not hyperoxemia predicts worse outcome in severe COPD exacerbations -an observational study [J]. Eur Clin Respir J, 2022, 10(1): 2153644.
11
Hu Y, Long H, Cao Y, et al. Prognostic value of lymphocyte count for in-hospital mortality in patients with severe AECOPD [J]. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 2022, 22(1): 376.
12
闫维, 张二明, 张克, 等 . 北京市石景山区40岁及以上居民早期慢性阻塞性肺疾病异质性及影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(6): 533-540.
13
李坤徉, 张莉. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重并发糖尿病的危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(6): 493-500.
14
Ogan N, Günay E, Baha A, et al. The effect of serum electrolyte disturbances and uric acid level on the mortality of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [J]. Turk Thorac J, 2020, 21(5): 322-328.
15
Deep A, Behera PR, Subhankar S, et al. Serum electrolytes in patients presenting with acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and their comparison with stable COPD patients [J].Cureus, 2023, 15(4): e38080.
16
ICD-11 2022 release[EB/OL]. [2024-08-08]. https://www.who.int/news/item/11-02-2022-icd-11-2022-release.
17
Bhakta NR, McGowan A, Ramsey KA, et al. European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical statement:standardisation of the measurement of lung volumes, 2023 update [J].Eur Respir J, 2023, 62(4): 2201519.
18
Miri M, Badriahmadi S, Shamshirian A, et al. Electrolyte imbalance and COVID-19 severity in hospitalized patients [J]. Nephro-Urology Monthly, 2022, 14(3): e128085.
19
Ghosal A, Qadeer HA, Nekkanti SK, et al. A conspectus of euvolemic hyponatremia, its various etiologies, and treatment modalities: a comprehensive review of the literature [J]. Cureus, 2023, 15(8):e43390.
20
Huang Y, Hu B, Chen S, et al. The role of serum chloride ion in the prognosis of COPD [J]. Am J Med Sci, 2024, 368(3): 235-241.
21
Emam RM, Abdelfattah RA, Abdelghany EAE, et al. Assessment of trace elements, systemic inflammation, and electrolytes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [J]. The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology, 2023, 17(1): 14.
22
Deep A, Behera PR, Subhankar S, et al. Serum electrolytes in patients presenting with acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Their comparison with stable COPD patients [J].Cureus, 2023, 15(4): e38080.
23
Sim JK, Ko RE, Na SJ, et al. Intensive care unit-acquired hyponatremia in critically ill medical patients [J]. J Transl Med, 2020,18(1): 268.
24
Gurbuz M, Acehan S, Satar S, et al. Mortality predictors of patients diagnosed with severe hyponatremia in the emergency department [J].Ir J Med Sci, 2024, 193(3): 1561-1572.
25
蔡红英, 朱德胜. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并电解质紊乱的临床治疗分析 [J]. 中国医药指南, 2021, 19(15): 96-97.
26
Wan X, Chen L, Zhu Z, et al. Association of serum calcium with the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective study from UK biobank [J]. Nutrients, 2023, 15(15): 3439.
27
费志永, 于维, 常媛媛, 等. 老年重症肺炎合并低钠血症诊治的临床进展 [J]. 继续医学教育, 2020, 34(8): 65-67.
28
Giuriato G, Paneroni M, Venturelli M, et al. Strategies targeting the NO pathway to counteract extra-pulmonary manifestations of COPD:a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Nitric Oxide, 2022, 128:59-71.
29
Lindner G, Herschmann S, Funk GC, et al. Sodium and potassium disorders in patients with COPD exacerbation presenting to the emergency department [J]. BMC Emerg Med, 2022, 22(1): 49.
30
Mintz M, Barjaktarevic I, Mahler DA, et al. Reducing the risk of mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with pharmacotherapy: a narrative review [J]. Mayo Clin Proc, 2023, 98(2):301-315.
31
Kuczeriszka M, Sitek JD, Walkowska A, et al. Interplay of the adenosine system and NO in control of renal haemodynamics and excretion: comparison of normoglycaemic and streptozotocin diabetic rats [J]. Nitric Oxide, 2020, 104-105: 20-28.
32
MacLeod M, Papi A, Contoli M, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation fundamentals: diagnosis, treatment, prevention and disease impact [J]. Respirology, 2021, 26(6): 532-551.
[1] 罗序峰, 廖建湘, 罗智强, 段婧, 李永利, 徐建芳, 陈黎. Na+通道阻滞剂治疗SCN2A基因变异所致早发型癫痫性脑病并文献复习[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2022, 18(05): 585-590.
[2] 简和, 杨尧. 新生儿窒息血清电解质和血糖变化的临床研究[J/OL]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2008, 04(05): 456-459.
[3] 沈丛墨, 李毅. 硫化氢及硫化氢与细胞内钙离子关系的研究概况[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2020, 15(01): 70-72.
[4] 宋亚东, 高文超, 陈汝福, 何贤英, 周泉波, 林青, 周雨, 曾兵, 余敏, 李志花. 胰岛素促进胰腺癌细胞SW1990吸收钠离子机制的研究[J/OL]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2013, 07(06): 431-435.
[5] 王伟铭, 徐丽梨. 钙离子拮抗剂类降压药在肾脏病中的合理应用[J/OL]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2014, 03(05): 251-254.
[6] 严智, 赵天全, 王恩任. 钙离子在创伤性脑损伤中的致病机制研究[J/OL]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2019, 05(06): 373-376.
[7] 韩道旭, 王勉, 王艺璇, 韩晓云, 李春晓. 妊娠期高血压疾病患者血清Ca2+、25-羟维生素D、D-二聚体水平变化及临床意义[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(01): 43-47.
[8] 李坤徉, 张莉. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重并发糖尿病的危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(06): 493-500.
[9] 陈名珍, 杨珺楠, 李开来, 赵旭静, 薛安静, 满姗姗, 向平超. 经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(06): 481-486.
[10] 谢艾伦, 郑冬燕, 蔡紫薇, 卢仁建, 彭永明, 张贺, 陈家隆. 鱼藤酮通过降低线粒体钙离子单向转运体蛋白表达促进多巴胺能神经元铁死亡[J/OL]. 中华临床实验室管理电子杂志, 2023, 11(02): 71-78.
[11] 吴瑞锋, 刘俊峰, 高杨, 李保庆, 王金栋, 刘新波. 钙离子拮抗剂维拉帕米对人食管下括约肌舒缩的调节机制[J/OL]. 中华胸部外科电子杂志, 2015, 02(03): 157-160.
[12] 刘冬梅, 李佳, 李谨俐, 卜伟, 郑秀娟, 王宇, 徐静. 钙离子阻滞剂和硝酸脂类药物与胃食管反流病关系的研究[J/OL]. 中华胃食管反流病电子杂志, 2015, 02(02): 90-92.
[13] 朋云峰, 任慧娟, 杨倩, 孙宏, 刘显东, 包晓玮, 张磊, 唐伦先. AECOPD患者血栓弹力图与凝血功能、炎症及血气指标的相关性分析[J/OL]. 中华卫生应急电子杂志, 2019, 05(05): 267-272.
阅读次数
全文


摘要


AI


AI小编
你好!我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编,有什么可以帮您的吗?