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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (07) : 486 -496. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2025.07.002

临床研究

盆底功能障碍性疾病的肌电特征与其临床表现的回顾性分析研究
廖若琦1, 肖悦1, 周慧婷2, 张美琪2, 张春霞2,(), 金黑鹰2   
  1. 1 210029 南京,南京医科大学第一附属医院康复医学科
    2 210017 南京,南京中医药大学第二附属医院肛肠科
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-17 出版日期:2025-07-30
  • 通信作者: 张春霞
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省中医药科技发展计划项目(MS2023047); 江苏省重点研发计划社会发展项目(BE2023786)

Electromyographic characteristics and clinical manifestations in pelvic floor dysfunction: a retrospective study

Ruoqi Liao1, Yue Xiao1, Huiting Zhou2, Meiqi Zhang2, Chunxia Zhang2,(), Heiying Jin2   

  1. 1 Rehabilitation Medicine Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
    2 Proctology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, China
  • Received:2025-06-17 Published:2025-07-30
  • Corresponding author: Chunxia Zhang
引用本文:

廖若琦, 肖悦, 周慧婷, 张美琪, 张春霞, 金黑鹰. 盆底功能障碍性疾病的肌电特征与其临床表现的回顾性分析研究[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(07): 486-496.

Ruoqi Liao, Yue Xiao, Huiting Zhou, Meiqi Zhang, Chunxia Zhang, Heiying Jin. Electromyographic characteristics and clinical manifestations in pelvic floor dysfunction: a retrospective study[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(07): 486-496.

目的

本研究旨在分析不同类型盆底功能障碍性疾病(PFD)患者的盆底表面肌电(sEMG)特征与其临床表现、预后的相关性,为精准康复提供依据。

方法

回顾性分析2020年2月至2025年1月于南京中医药大学第二附属医院就诊的447例PFD患者,根据临床症状分为压力性尿失禁(SUI)组、功能性便秘(FC)组和大便失禁(FI)组。收集患者的sEMG数据及临床资料,通过Kruskal-Wallis H检验、DSCF法检验及Wilcoxon符号秩检验,分析肌电特征与临床表现及预后的相关性。

结果

本研究共纳入SUI组227例,FC组141例,FI组79例,3组患者临床症状评估均在中度以上。3组患者sEMG总分及五个阶段的评分均显示出显著差异(P<0.001),SUI组总分、快肌阶段、慢肌阶段和耐力测试得分显著高于FC组与FI组(P<0.01),而在前、后静息阶段得分较低;FC组前、后静息阶段得分显著高于SUI组(P<0.001),而在快肌阶段、慢肌阶段和耐力测试得分较低;FI组在后静息阶段得分显著高于SUI组与FC组(P<0.01),而在总分、快肌、慢肌和耐力测试阶段得分较低。在盆底康复治疗干预后,3组患者的临床症状评估均明显改善(P<0.001),sEMG评分提高,FC后静息阶段的sEMG评分显著增高(P<0.05);FI组总分、快肌阶段和慢肌阶段的sEMG评分显著增高(P<0.05);压力性尿失禁患者总分、前静息阶段得分、快肌阶段得分和慢肌阶段得分均显著增高(P<0.05)。

结论

不同类型PFD患者的sEMG特征差异显著,sEMG可以客观量化PFD患者的盆底功能障碍模式,可将sEMG纳入PFD常规评估体系,根据sEMG特征制定精准分层康复策略,以提高治疗效果。本研究结果提示sEMG与临床表现及短期预后存在相关性,但其机制需结合多模态方法进一步验证。

Objective

To analyze the correlation between the surface electromyography (sEMG) characteristics of the pelvic floor in patients with different types of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) and their clinical manifestations and prognosis, with an aim to provide a basis for precision rehabilitation.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 447 patients with PFD who were treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from February 2020 to January 2025. These patients were categorized into three groups based on their clinical symptoms: stress urinary incontinence (SUI) group, functional constipation (FC) group, and fecal incontinence (FI) group. sEMG data and clinical information were collected from the patients, and the correlation between electromyographic characteristics and clinical manifestations as well as prognosis was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, DSCF method, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

There were 227 patients in the SUI group, 141 in the FC group, and 79 in the FI group. The clinical symptoms across all three groups were rated as moderate to severe. The total score and the scores across the five stages of sEMG differed significantly among the three groups (P<0.001). The total score, fast muscle stage score, slow muscle stage score, and endurance test score in the SUI group were significantly higher than those in the FC group and FI group (P<0.01), while the scores in the pre-rest and post-rest stages were lower. The scores in the pre-rest and post-rest stages were significantly higher in the FC group than in the SUI group (P<0.001), while the scores in the fast muscle stage, slow muscle stage, and endurance test were lower. The score in the post-rest stage was significantly higher in the FI group than in the SUI group and FC group (P<0.01), while the total score and the scores in the fast muscle stage, slow muscle stage, and endurance test stage were lower. After intervention with pelvic floor rehabilitation therapy, the clinical symptoms of the three groups were significantly improved (P<0.001), and the sEMG scores increased. The sEMG score in the post-rest stage significantly increased in the FC group (P<0.05); the sEMG scores in the total score, fast muscle stage, and slow muscle stage significantly increased in the FI group (P<0.05); and the total score and sEMG in the pre-rest stage, fast muscle stage, and slow muscle stage significantly increased in the SUI group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The sEMG characteristics of patients with different types of PFD exhibit significant differences. sEMG can objectively quantify the pelvic floor dysfunction patterns in PFD patients. It is advisable to incorporate sEMG into the routine evaluation system for PFD, and develop precise stratified rehabilitation strategies based on sEMG characteristics to enhance treatment efficacy. This study suggests a correlation between sEMG features and clinical manifestations as well as short-term prognosis, though the underlying mechanisms require further validation via multimodal approaches.

表1 患者一般信息情况
图1 患者一般信息情况
表2 3组患者盆底肌电总分及各阶段评分
表3 2组间各阶段盆底肌电评分比较
表4 前静息阶段表面肌电特征及比较
表5 快肌阶段表面肌电特征及比较
表6 慢肌阶段表面肌电特征及比较
表7 耐力测试阶段表面肌电特征及比较
表8 后静息阶段表面肌电特征及比较
表9 患者治疗前后的临床症状评估
表10 功能性便秘患者干预前后的sEMG评分
表11 大便失禁患者干预前后的sEMG评分
表12 压力性尿失禁患者干预前后的sEMG评分
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