With the aging of the population, the incidence of chronic diseases is increasing, which has become a major public health problem threatening the health of Chinese residents. Grassroots medical and health institutions are the main front of chronic disease prevention and control, where good prevention and management of chronic diseases can not only reduce morbidity, complications, and mortality, but also promote the rational utilization of limited medical and health resources. This paper briefly expounds the background and significance of medical and preventive integration, summarizes the practices and experiences of medical and preventive integration in some areas, analyzes the existing problems and difficulties, and puts forward some suggestions for reforming and innovating the operation mode of medical and preventive integration, aiming at promoting the organic integration of medical and preventive treatment in primary medical and health institutions and promoting the high-quality development of primary health care.