Analysis of etiology of isolated microscopic hematuria in children

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2023.02.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

To explore the etiology of childhood isolated microscopic hematuria in China.

Methods

Children with isolated microscopic hematuria diagnosed at our hospital from January 2014 to December 2018 were studied retrospectively to summary their clinical characteristics and final diagnosis.

Results

There were 320 cases of isolated microscopic hematuria. The major (86.25%, 276/320) causes were glomerular diseases, including thin basement membrane nephropathy, purpura nephritis, post-infectious glomerulonephritis and Alport syndrome, while the minor (13.75%, 44/320) causes were non-glomerular diseases, including hypercalciuria or renalcalculus, left renal vein entrapment syndrome, febrile or exercise hematuria, and autoimmune disease. Thin basement membrane nephropathy is the most common cause (62.19%).

Conclusion

Thin basement membrane nephropathy is the main cause of childhood isolated microscopic hematuria in China. The overall prognosis is good. Long-term follow-up and surveillance are more important and necessary than excessive examinations and treatments.

Key words: Children, Isolated microscopic hematuria, Etiology

Lixia Wang, Lijuan Ma, Hongwen Zhang. Analysis of etiology of isolated microscopic hematuria in children[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(02): 112-116.

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Figures/Tables 2

References 25

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项目	男性	女性	合计	χ²值	P值
薄基底膜肾病	98（63.64）	101（60.84）	199（62.19）	0.192	0.661
Alport综合征	0（0.00）	12（7.22）	12（3.75）	24.00	＜0.001
紫癜性肾炎	18（11.69）	20（12.05）	38（11.89）	0.023	0.879
感染后肾小球肾炎	13（8.44）	14（8.43）	27（8.44）	0.007	0.932
高钙尿症/肾结石	12（7.79）	11（6.63）	23（7.19）	0.072	0.788
左肾静脉扩张综合征	6（3.90）	6（3.61）	12（3.75）	＜0.001	1.000
热性/运动性血尿	3（1.95）	3（1.81）	6（1.88）	＜0.001	1.000
自身免疫性疾病	0（0.00）	1（0.60）	1（0.31）	1.005	0.316
外伤	1（0.65）	0（0.00）	1（0.31）	1.005	0.316
高血压	1（0.65）	0（0.00）	1（0.31）	1.005	0.316
合计	154（100）	166（100）	320（100）

项目	男性	女性	合计	χ²值	P值
薄基底膜肾病	98（63.64）	101（60.84）	199（62.19）	0.192	0.661
Alport综合征	0（0.00）	12（7.22）	12（3.75）	24.00	＜0.001
紫癜性肾炎	18（11.69）	20（12.05）	38（11.89）	0.023	0.879
感染后肾小球肾炎	13（8.44）	14（8.43）	27（8.44）	0.007	0.932
高钙尿症/肾结石	12（7.79）	11（6.63）	23（7.19）	0.072	0.788
左肾静脉扩张综合征	6（3.90）	6（3.61）	12（3.75）	＜0.001	1.000
热性/运动性血尿	3（1.95）	3（1.81）	6（1.88）	＜0.001	1.000
自身免疫性疾病	0（0.00）	1（0.60）	1（0.31）	1.005	0.316
外伤	1（0.65）	0（0.00）	1（0.31）	1.005	0.316
高血压	1（0.65）	0（0.00）	1（0.31）	1.005	0.316
合计	154（100）	166（100）	320（100）

项目	学龄前期	学龄后期	合计	χ²值	P值
薄基底膜肾病	195（97.99）	4（2.01）	199（100）	1.868	＜0.001
Alport综合征	12（100）	0（0.00）	12（100）	5.108	0.024
紫癜性肾炎	2（5.26）	36（94.73）	38（100）	90.213	＜0.001
感染后肾小球肾炎	1（3.70）	26（96.30）	27（100）	64.657	＜0.001
高钙尿症/肾结石	14（60.87）	9（39.13）	23（100）	1.218	0.270
左肾静脉扩张综合征	0（0.00）	12（100）	12（100）	27.178	＜0.001
热性/运动性血尿	3（50.00）	3（50.00）	6（100）	2.340	0.126
自身免疫性疾病	0（0.00）	1（100）	1（100）	2.300	0.129
外伤	0（0.00）	1（100）	1（100）	2.300	0.129
高血压	0（0.00）	1（100）	1（100）	2.300	0.129
合计	227（70.94）	93（39.06）	320（100）

项目	学龄前期	学龄后期	合计	χ²值	P值
薄基底膜肾病	195（97.99）	4（2.01）	199（100）	1.868	＜0.001
Alport综合征	12（100）	0（0.00）	12（100）	5.108	0.024
紫癜性肾炎	2（5.26）	36（94.73）	38（100）	90.213	＜0.001
感染后肾小球肾炎	1（3.70）	26（96.30）	27（100）	64.657	＜0.001
高钙尿症/肾结石	14（60.87）	9（39.13）	23（100）	1.218	0.270
左肾静脉扩张综合征	0（0.00）	12（100）	12（100）	27.178	＜0.001
热性/运动性血尿	3（50.00）	3（50.00）	6（100）	2.340	0.126
自身免疫性疾病	0（0.00）	1（100）	1（100）	2.300	0.129
外伤	0（0.00）	1（100）	1（100）	2.300	0.129
高血压	0（0.00）	1（100）	1（100）	2.300	0.129
合计	227（70.94）	93（39.06）	320（100）

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