Advances in research of frailty in elderly surgical patients

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2023.03.019

Abstract

Abstract:

Frailty refers to a decrease in the body's reserve and cognitive functions, leading to an increased susceptibility to stressors. The manifestations of frailty include reduced activity tolerance and muscle content and poor nutritional status, and it is often associated with worsening disease symptoms and adverse postoperative outcomes. There is currently no gold standard for evaluating frailty in clinical practice. This article mainly provides a systematic review of commonly used frailty assessment methods, their clinical applications, and the prevention strategies for and related mechanisms of frailty.

Key words: Elderly, Frailty, Malnutrition, Preoperative assessment, Perioperative management

Gao Shan, Youjing Dong. Advances in research of frailty in elderly surgical patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(03): 343-348.

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References 44

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	具体内容	诊断标准
标准1	肌力低	符合标准1有可能为肌细胞减少症；符合标准1、2可确认为肌细胞减少症；符合标准1、2和3可确认为重度肌细胞减少症
标准2	肌肉质量和/或数量低
标准3	低体能

	具体内容	诊断标准
标准1	肌力低	符合标准1有可能为肌细胞减少症；符合标准1、2可确认为肌细胞减少症；符合标准1、2和3可确认为重度肌细胞减少症
标准2	肌肉质量和/或数量低
标准3	低体能

评估方法	所需时间（min）	包含项目（个）	具体内容	评估标准
CHS^［28］	＜10	5	体重减轻、活动减少、精力减退、行动迟缓、力量不足	虚弱≥3项虚弱前期1~2项健康=0项
FI-CD^［29］	20~30	30+	累积缺陷： 0（无缺陷）-1.0（所有缺陷）	＞0.25为虚弱
FI-CGA^［30］	＜15	30+	10个领域，52个项目（原14个）：包括日常生活能力，共病，情绪和认知等	＞0.25为虚弱
SOF^［31］	＜5	3	体重减轻、精力减退、无法从椅子上站起来5次	虚弱≥2项虚弱前期=1项健康=0项
EFS^［32］	＜5	9	认知、健康（2+）、住院、社会支持、营养、情绪、功能、自制力	虚弱为：分数≥7
FRALIL^［33］	＜10	5	疲劳、抵抗力、行动、疾病、体重减轻	虚弱≥3项虚弱前期1~2项健康=0项
CFS^［34］	＜5	1	9个级别的视觉和图表图片。1=非常健康；9=身患绝症	虚弱为：等级＞5
MPI^［35］	＜15	8	共病、营养、认知、多药、压疮风险、生活状况、日常生活能力	虚弱≥0.66 虚弱前期： 0.34~0.66 健康＜0.34
TFI^［36］	＜15	15	三个领域：生理、心理和社会	虚弱为：分数≥5
PRISAMA-7^［37］	＜10	7	年龄、男性、社会支持和日常生活能力等	虚弱为：分数≥3
GFI^［38］	＜15	15	四个领域：身体、认知、社会和心理	虚弱为：分数≥4
SPQ^［39］	＜5	6	独居、多种药物、行动能力，视力、听力、记忆力	虚弱为：分数≥2
GFST^［40］	＜5	6	第一部分：自我报告（独居、减肥、疲劳、活动、记忆、步态）第二部分：临床判断	经临床判断，筛选后确定
KCL^［41］	＜10	25	包含CGA中25项	＞0.25为虚弱

评估方法	所需时间（min）	包含项目（个）	具体内容	评估标准
CHS^［28］	＜10	5	体重减轻、活动减少、精力减退、行动迟缓、力量不足	虚弱≥3项虚弱前期1~2项健康=0项
FI-CD^［29］	20~30	30+	累积缺陷： 0（无缺陷）-1.0（所有缺陷）	＞0.25为虚弱
FI-CGA^［30］	＜15	30+	10个领域，52个项目（原14个）：包括日常生活能力，共病，情绪和认知等	＞0.25为虚弱
SOF^［31］	＜5	3	体重减轻、精力减退、无法从椅子上站起来5次	虚弱≥2项虚弱前期=1项健康=0项
EFS^［32］	＜5	9	认知、健康（2+）、住院、社会支持、营养、情绪、功能、自制力	虚弱为：分数≥7
FRALIL^［33］	＜10	5	疲劳、抵抗力、行动、疾病、体重减轻	虚弱≥3项虚弱前期1~2项健康=0项
CFS^［34］	＜5	1	9个级别的视觉和图表图片。1=非常健康；9=身患绝症	虚弱为：等级＞5
MPI^［35］	＜15	8	共病、营养、认知、多药、压疮风险、生活状况、日常生活能力	虚弱≥0.66 虚弱前期： 0.34~0.66 健康＜0.34
TFI^［36］	＜15	15	三个领域：生理、心理和社会	虚弱为：分数≥5
PRISAMA-7^［37］	＜10	7	年龄、男性、社会支持和日常生活能力等	虚弱为：分数≥3
GFI^［38］	＜15	15	四个领域：身体、认知、社会和心理	虚弱为：分数≥4
SPQ^［39］	＜5	6	独居、多种药物、行动能力，视力、听力、记忆力	虚弱为：分数≥2
GFST^［40］	＜5	6	第一部分：自我报告（独居、减肥、疲劳、活动、记忆、步态）第二部分：临床判断	经临床判断，筛选后确定
KCL^［41］	＜10	25	包含CGA中25项	＞0.25为虚弱

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