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Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (12): 1132-1138. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2024.12.009

• Survey Research • Previous Articles    

Association between tobacco smoke exposure and risk of constipation in American adults

Guoce Cui1, Xia Jiao1, Shaosheng Bei2, Huashan Li3,()   

  1. 1. Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, China
    2. Department of Anorectology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
    3. Department of Anorectology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China
  • Received:2024-12-19 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2025-03-28
  • Contact: Huashan Li

Abstract:

Objective

To examine the association between self-reported smoking status and serum levels of cotinine, a nicotine metabolite commonly used as a marker of tobacco exposure, and constipation among US adults to provide a scientific basis for constipation prevention and treatment.

Methods

Data were obtained from cross-sectional studies conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)in the U.S. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2010 were used in this study. The t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and χ2 test were performed using R and Windrush statistical software. Three sequential multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between tobacco exposure and the incidence of constipation, and dose-response curves between serum cotinine levels and the risk of constipation were assessed using restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression.Subgroup analyses were stratified according to relevant confounders such as sex, age, body mass index (BMI),and presence of diabetes.

Results

A total of 11651 participants were included in this cross-sectional study.The mean age of the study participants was 48.8 ± 17.9 years. Multivariate regression analyses showed that self-reported smoking status was not significantly associated with the risk of constipation after controlling for covariates, but continuous and categorical analyses with reference to the lowest serum cotinine level (<0.05 ng/ml) resulted in a 36% higher prevalence of constipation among participants with a serum cotinine level of between 0.05 and 2.99 ng/ml (Model 1: odds ratio [OR]=1.45 [1.13~1.85]; Model 2: OR=1.44 [1.12~1.83];Model 3: OR=1.36 [1.06~1.74]; P<0.05). In the non-smoking population, serum cotinine levels were linearly and positively associated with the risk of constipation (Pnonlinear>0.05), and the relationship between smoke exposure and constipation was relatively stable in each subgroup.

Conclusion

The promotional effect of serum cotinine levels on constipation occurs in non-smokers; therefore, avoiding passive smoking as much as possible may attenuate the effect of smoke exposure on constipation and prevent and treat constipation.

Key words: Environmental tobacco smoke, Cotinine as a biomarker, Chronic constipation;NHANES, Cross-sectional study

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